me butit sounds great to on the other hand, none of the justices in kelo bought the idea that government should have to guarantee that things would work out well. steven eagle, professor of law at george mason university in virginia. you can reach him on twitter. thanks for being with us this morning and talking about eminent domain. that will do it for this "orning's washington journal next, we will take you live to the national press club where they will be recognizing out going homeland security secretary jenna not a ton of who is stepping down from her position, taking the chair as president of the university of california. live coverage is next on c-span. [captioning performed by

national captioning institute] the shift to [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] >> we are live at the national

press club in washington, dc awaiting remarks from out going homeland security department secretary janet napolitano. earlier this summer, she announced she would be stepping down from her cap in a position to become president of the university of california system which includes ucla and the university of california berkeley among other campuses this is. we are expecting her in a moment. >> ladies and gentlemen, we will start into moments of silence all cell phones and anything that makes noises. we would appreciate it very much, thank you.

awaye are just moments from outgoing homeland security department secretary janet napolitano, giving her farewell speech at the national press

club and we expect are in a moments live on c-span. all week long, we have been showcasing the events surrounding the 50th anniversary of the march on washington. obama will be at the lincoln memorial tomorrow for the 50th anniversary of the march. dr. martin luther king made his " i have a dream" speech and we will cover that at about 11:00 tomorrow morning. >> the secretary of homeland napolitano'set farewell address. for over four years, she has overseen the third-largest cabinet agency in the federal government with more than 240,000 employees across the country and around the world dedicated to keeping our nation safe, secure, and more resilient. these join me in welcoming secretary janet napolitano. [applause] >> hi.

thank you. good morning. todayyou for joining us and that like to thank the national press club for hosting us. i want to thank the men and women of dhs. in my 4.5 years as secretary, i have come to know many of these men and women, hear their stories, and see them perform important work of the department every day. getting to know them has been one of the most rewarding parts of being secretary and any success we have achieved flows directly from their dedication and service. the chance tod engage partners across the homeland security enterprise, governors and mayors, police, firefighters and first responders and business and

faith based community leaders. all are essential partners in the shared responsibility for homeland security. i am grateful to have their strong support. the job of securing our nation is a large one. it requires us to enlist the talents and energies of people all across the united states. in that way, all of us are stakeholders in this department's work. all of us share in its ultimate success. together, we have faced many challenges these past 4.5 years. to list them all would take more time than we have today. flung them was an h1ni pandemic that affected every state in our nation, the deepwater horizon oil spill which remains one of the worst environmental disasters in our history, and the threat of drug cartel violence along our southwest border. we also confronted numerous terrorist plots and threats,

both international and homegrown, and a set of catastrophic natural disasters that included hurricanes, floods, fires, and even an earthquake in washington, dc during my tenure as secretary, we've managed 325 federally declared disasters and issued more than 60 emergency declarations. in some cases, we provided state of local partners with assistance before the disaster even took lace. took place. each of these challenges tested us in new ways. they presented new opportunities for us to learn, grow, and get better at what we do as a department and as a nation. they allowed us to build on the knowledge gained from spec -- past events and refine our approach as the threats changed and their own understanding increased. looking back over the past 4.5 years, i can say that if there is one take away, one object

lesson in core operating principle that i have learned and embraced as secretary, it's this -- of evolving threats, the key to our success is the ability to be flexible and agile. and adapt to changing circumstances on the ground whether that is across the globe or here at home. at dhs, to be flexible and agile means bidding forward-looking in our preparations, early and active in our engagement, nimble and our response, and resilient in our recovery. it means taking every necessary step to prepare for a range of potential outcomes. and understanding that if things don't go according to plan or the unexpected occurs, we are ready and able to shift resources and adjust operations, learn from our mistakes, and put ourselves in a position to succeed in the future. being flexible and agile means

acknowledging that we may not be able to stop all threats all the time but we can and must be prepared to address them quickly when they happen, minimize the consequences, drop pragmatic lessons and emerge stronger and better. these are the most critical elements of our ability to meet our complex mission. i believe we are seeing that approach bear fruit in a profound positive way. today, i will talk about how we have made the department more flexible, agile, and adaptable and how that has led to a more integrated and effective response to terrorist threats, more prepared and resilient states, cities, and communities, and a more engaged public. i will give you a few examples to illustrate this point. know, dhs you achieved an important milestone

this year -- our 10th anniversary. the nine/11 attack served as the impetus for the creation a decade ago and while it is not our only mission, and hensing our nation's ability to prevent, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks remains our primary focus. often, our country is reminded of this ongoing threat. on april 5 teen of this year, our nation suffered a serious and damaging terrorist attack and the boston marathon. with9/11, the day began clear and beautiful weather. like 9/11, by nightfall, we knew that innocent lives would be lost, hundreds more injured, many gravely, and one of our great american cities scarred by the blast of two improvised explosive devices. terrorist events are ever the same.

methods and motivations differ but the pain and loss endured by the victims and their families is singular and in comparable. the boston marathon attack was a despicable act of violence directed at a symbolic keys. the event that each year draws athletes and fans from all over the world. the perpetrators of that bombing, we saw the worst of humanity, cowardice, hatred, violence, and intolerance. on that day, and the days that followed, something else also emerged. the very best of humanity. communities banded to get her over silent vigils and a determination to be austin strong. -- boston strong. one thing i have learned to deal with is the importance of working closely and actively with partners at the state and local level. they bear the immediate runt of an attack.

they are the first on the scene to respond. they know the needs and capabilities of their communities better than anyone. when i became secretary, we made it a priority that states, cities, and communities have the training, and resources they need in a crisis. we have spent the last several years working toward that goal. across the country, we have supported stronger information sharing through state and local fusion centers where we have deployed dhs personnel and strengthened our analytic capabilities. we have trained law enforcement to recognize trends, tactics, behaviors, and other indicators of potential terrorist activities. we have provided federal knowledge regarding terrorism and other threats so it can be incorporated into state and local community-based efforts to prevent violence whether it is the result of violent criminals, extremists, or active shooters.

ability ofroved the local communities to respond to critical incidents including in the city of boston and the commonwealth of massachusetts. for example, we provide homeland security grants to equip and train special response teams in improvised explosive device detection, prevention, response, and recovery. over the years, dhs has supported more than a dozen exercises in boston including a large mass casualty event involving hundreds of responders just last november. we supported the creation of the medical intelligence center, the only one of its kind in america, to enable information sharing across the austin medical community. -- austin medical community. medicalgency -- boston community. the reaction after the attack was not accidental. it was a product of years of training and investment in the link state and local capacity

and the quick, orderly, focused, and comprehensive response by law enforcement, first responders, and the larger boston community on that day saved lives. immediate control over the scene by law enforcement and assistance from first responders and medical personnel helped you entry theack fallen fallen and injured, a scenario they have practiced to ensure no one facility would be overwhelmed. citizens stepped up and played a critical role, it hearing for the wounded, donating blood, and submitting videos that helped -- aify the suspects powerful reminder of the role the public lays in providing aid but also providing useful information. the reason why after i became secretary, i called for the creation and then expansion of the argument " if you see something say something"

campaign, expanding it to more than 250 states -- 250 cities nationwide to encourage the public to play an active role in reporting suspicious activity. without the selfless service of so many heroic individuals and responders, the toll from the boston attack could have been far greater. this terrible tragedy could have been our worst. for me, the lesson is clear -- for every attack we experience, every threat we face, and every decent intelligence we come across, we learned. we assess our preparations and capabilities. we make changes. we become more flexible and -- in the actions we take and we get stronger and more nimble. not theon attack was only terrorist plot we confronted over the past 4.5 years. we dealt with the attempted christmas day coming aboard an airliner down for detroit. 20 10 air cargo threat as well

as other plots that were effectively mitigated. some more international in scope and origin like the christmas they plot was involved a nigerian citizen who purchased his ticket in ghama,. flew from legos to amsterdam and attended to ignite a bomb en route to america. that attempted attack, we learned that relevant information possessed by u.s. customs and border protection needed to be available overseas at the last point of departure for the united states. we fixed that. we learned that our adversaries were moving to nonmetallic devices. we adapted our screening technology and tactics to counter that. learned that a single vulnerability in any part of the aviation system can make everyone connected to it vulnerable. since we don't control security at foreign airports, we have to work even more closely with international partners to raise the overall security of the

system. we did that. shortly after the christmas day plot, i launched a worldwide initiative to make these needed changes in close collaboration with our strongest allies. i am proud to say that i october of 2010, this effort led to 190 countries signing onto an historic agreement to improve aviation security, standards, and technology and information sharing. i have had the chance to visit many of those countries over the past 4.5 years. continentscross six -- however, our work did not end there. following the 20 10 air cargo threat which involved bombs hidden inside printer cartridges departing on international planes to the united states, we launched a second initiative to work with international partners ensure private sector to

air cargo coming to the u.s. was effectively screened. a threat, we responded, and we addressed the weaknesses in our systems. is always more work to do, our aviation system is now stronger and more resilient. we have a far better idea who is seeking to or aircraft to the united states area and we have improved security measures at home and abroad to make sure we are focused on those who seek to do us harm. not all threats result from terrorism or violent behavior. some come from mother nature and the impact can be just as severe if not more so. over the past 4.5 years, our nation has faced hundreds of disasters including hurricane irene which happens when multiple states were already doing with historic floods, making a bad situation even worse. tornadoested deadly

in joplin, missouri, tuscaloosa, alabama, and moore, oklahoma. today, as we find ourselves every summer, we are fighting devastating wildfires in the western states, particularly california. as with our counterterrorism efforts, we two important lessons from each of these events, most notably -- we built upon the lessons of hurricane katrina to put us in the best possible position to support the response to a major hurricane and make sure that response would be fast, flexible, and comprehensive. we understood the importance of pre- positioning mass quantities of assets before the storm so they will be quickly available to those in need. value of earlye outreach to governors, mayors, and emergency managers so everyone knows the plan and how to execute. we incorporated rate assessed or declarations into our planning some localities would have the

funds they need to make reparations and pay for overtime for police and first responders. we understood the role of organizations like the red cross, the salvation army, and others who are so essential in providing support to survivors as well as federal partners like the department of defense. in short, we knew we needed to engage the whole community in all phases of emergency management. when hurricane sandy threatened the united states in late october, 2012, we had a plan, we had people in place, and we have resources at the ready. sandy was the most damaging storm to strike the united states since katrina which made landfall eight years ago just this week. short, we knew we needed to engage the whole community in all phases of emergency management. when hurricane sandy threatened the unitedsandy can assure and t densely populated region of our country. it damaged or destroyed more than 650,000 homes costing more

than it did billion dollars in losses and affecting 24 states. it's tropical storm force winds ,ould be felt for 1000 miles blizzards hit north carolina and west virginia, and dumping up to three feet of snow and the storm's effects extended as far west as wisconsin. in all, sandy took more than 70 lives in the united states. also affected some of our nation's key financial systems and left a large part of new york city without power for more than one week. response toin the this epic storm was to lean forward in our preparations, surge assets and people into the disaster zones as quick as possible and streamline the system's to the victims and cut red tape and find solutions to problem's when they arose. before the storm hits, fema -- hadad and the floyd

been deployed are activated in several states. we supplied water, food, blankets and essential supplies at strategic locations along the east coast and the president provided emergency declarations for 12 states freeing up federal resources. after the storm passed, fema sent teams into the impacted areas to set up disaster registration centers and conduct damage assessment. the coast guard immediately conducted search and rescue. for the first time, we activated the dhs surge capacity force and all -- an all volunteer corps that we created in 2011 to andrage the share talents experiences and capabilities of employees from across the department. hundreds of employees from ths came to newike tsa york and new jersey come many of them living on merchant marine vessels in new york harbor for weeks as they provided assistance to people and their

families in the affected area. these and other dhs elements contributed to the strong, coordinated response to sandy. when we encountered a snag or problem, we moved quickly to address it and come up with an appropriate solution. when fuel ships could not enter new york harbor because of debris in the water, we deployed the coast guard to clear a navigation channel. when fuel supplies began to run low, we waived the jones act to allow ships from other u.s. ports to bring in their supplies to increase fuel availability. similarly, when the utility struggle to get power back on, we worked with the defense department and are private sector partners to flight teams and assets from as far as california to help bring those systems back online. sandyllective response to reflects an emergency management system that is swift and

, adaptable and united. difference all the in our ability to speed resources to impacted areas, identify survivor needs, and help communities recover and rebuild. that said, every disaster by nature is an imperfect and challenging event. we know there are still many who are putting their lives and communities back together after sandy. disaster or crisis, there are always challenges, problems arise, the unexpected happens. our work on the east coast is far from done. are notity and agility only about being operational. sometimes, they are about establishing commonsense policies and priorities, using the resources you have. 20 -- became secretary in in 2009, 1 of my first actions was to ensure that we set the right priority for one of the

departments most important missions -- protecting our borders and enforcing our immigration laws. over the past 4.5 years, we have invested historic resources to prevent illegal cross-border activity area because of these investments and manpower and technology and infrastructure, our borders are now better staffed and better protected than at any time in our nations history. it illegal crossings have dropped to 40-year lows. we also set commonsense immigration priorities with a focus on criminals, national security and public safety threats, repeat offenders, and egregious emigration file leaders. last year, we remote more serious criminals from the united states than at any time in our history. our work toned combat transnational criminal organizations including those

that commit cyber crime and financial fraud, violate international property and prey upon human life. as part of our effort, we established the dhs loop campaign to unify the departments work to fight the worldwide scourge of human trafficking. while important, we still need to make sure that future changes -- we needed to make further changes to create a more flexible, fair, and focused emigration system. we instructed our immigration agents and officers to use their discretion under current law to not pursue low priority immigration cases. like children brought to the united states illegally by their parents. for non brought here fault of their own and you know no other country as their home. congress had a chance to give the so-called dreamers a way to ay country through the dream act but, unfortunately, that legislation failed to garner the 60 votes needed for

cloture, falling five votes short despite strong by service -- bipartisan support. in june of last year, i use my discretion to create deferred action for childhood arrivals, daca, a process that gives young people who meet the strict legal status to remain in the united states. in just its first year, over half a million individuals have requested deferred action. after a thorough review of each of those cases, including a background check, 400 30,000 requests have already been approved -- 430,000 requests have already been approved. is no substitute for comprehensive immigration reform which is the only way to face the long-standing problems with their immigration system.

it is indicative of our larger approach, to devote historic resources to the border, reorient our enforcement priorities, and build more flexibility into the system. i believe we are a stronger, more effective department because of these changes. proud of era compliments and the men and women across dhs who made them possible. i am proud of how far we have come over the past 4.5 years. i am proud to have played a role in guiding the department to a more mature and stable state of operations. , capable,e focused and adaptable and we are prepared to confront and even greater range of threats. when i look at the amazing local response to the boston marathon sandy andurricane less well-known incidents, i see the tremendous payoff for our nations investment over the past decade. that is not to say our work is done.

far from it. many things still need tending and my successor will most certainly have a full plate on his or her hands. perhaps the best place to end my remarks today is by giving him or her some advice. a kind of open letter to my successor -- tell theetter, i will new secretary that you will confront everything i have discussed today -- the evolving threat of terrorism, devastating natural disasters, and the need for strong border security and immigration enforcement. you will need to forge strong relationships with all of our totners including congress, make sure dhs has the resources it needs to meet our responsibilities to the american people. you will need to continue our work to move to a more risk based intelligence driven community system. as we have done at our airports pre- her grams like tsa

check and global entry which expedite known travelers through security and customs. you will need to support science and technology research, building on the more than 2.2 ellie and dollars we have invested over the past 4.5 years to strengthen chemical, you will need to recapitalize the coast guard. you will need to continue to ensure the security of key government leaders in events of national significance. and you will face new challenges that we have begun to address but that need further attention. our country will for example at some point face a major cyber event that will have a serious effect on our lives, economy, and the everyday functioning of our society. we have the old systems reductions in a framework to

intrusions,tax and share information with the private sector and across the government, and develop plans and capabilities to mitigate the damage, or must be done and must be done quickly. you will also have to prepare for the increasingly likelihood of more weather-related events of a more severe nature as a result of climate change. and continue to build the capacity to respond to potential disasters in far-flung regions of the country that could occur at the same time. and you must continue to integrate the department. what i have referred to as dhs 3.0 and leave it into its next data development am a to challenging fiscal times, including the ongoing impact of the sequester. you will need a large bottle of advil. [laughter] be theme have said

secretary of dhs is the most thankless job in washington. that is not true. andoubt, it is a very big comics job. it is literally a 24/seven job, that as my successor will soon learn, it is also one of the most rewarding jobs there is. what you do hear matters to the lives of people all across our great nation him and your decisions affect them in direct and tangible ways. you make sure their families are safe from terrorist threats, that their local first responders have equipment and training and funding, and that when disaster strikes able who have lost everything are given .ood and shelter and hope and that thanks for that is not d any single individual or cabinet secretary, but to that 240,000 hs employees, many of

whom work in tough conditions around the clock to accomplish our shared and noble mission, and that includes some who have made the ultimate sacrifice for our country. they are the backbone of your nation's homeland security, and 1/2 years, it4/1 has been my pleasure to serve with them and build a more agile department of homeland security. i thank them, and i thank all of you. god bless you, and god bless the united states. thank you.

>> remarks from janet napolitano. she is leaving her job at the end of this month. she is going to be the president of the university of california system. we will have live coverage with jay carney this afternoon. it we expect questions on the situation in syria, which is dominating the international news. that gets underway at 12:30 eastern. here's the latest on syria from the ap. arek hagel says u.s. forces ready to act on any order by president obama to strike syria. the u.s. navy has such reuters targets.nge -- within the u.s. also has warplanes in the region. predicted that last

week'attack was a chemical attack. also this from the ap. recallingron is parliament for a discussion on a possible motor response to the angle attack in syria. cameron says the session will be held on thursday. tomorrow marks the 50th anniversary of the 19 63 march on washington, promoting civil rights and economic equality for african-americans. things up like this afternoon with a march on washington memorial at youth summit. two of the little rock nine students denied school in 1957. it gets underway at 3:15 user. live tonight at 8:00 eastern, a penalty string -- a panel featuring john lewis and gwen

ifill. culminatedcoverage tomorrow in a rally on the national mall with remarks from president obama from the lincoln memorial, where king delivered his speech. live coverage and events including remarks from bill clinton and jimmy carter, and that gets underway tomorrow at 11:00 eastern on c-span. series, we looked at the private lives of the women who served as first ladies. now as we move into the modern era, we will feature the first ladies in their own word. >> the building of human rights is one of the foundations on which we would build in the world an atmosphere in which peace could rule. the whitet think

lighthouse can't completely belong to one person. it belongs to the people. is the firster lady should preserve the traditions and enhance them, and leave something of themselves there. ladies, live monday night, including calls, i spoke comments, and tweets. starting september 9 on c-span. yesterday spoke about the need for the republican party to do more in its outreach to minorities. he made these comments at an rnc luncheon. other speakers included jim shannon.nner, t.w. from the capitol hill club in washington, this is an hour, 20 minutes. to youwe are excited

have agreed to join us today. we hope you enjoy the program. on behalf of our distinguished chairman, we welcome you to the rnc commemorating the 50th anniversary of the march on washington. we are excited about our program and hope you enjoy our lineup. i know what the program says, we would do the pledge, we have dr. king who will speak a word of thanks before we get started before she has to leave. thank you. thank you so much. thank you. so mucn. -- so much. i want to say a little bit of a with apiritual,

change in it, and i will do the best i can. ok. freedom o freedom o freedom over me, over me afraidnger am the graverisen from christ is lord i am saved and i am free ♪ glory to god. thank you. encouragethank and everyone of you for your prayers and support, and the king family, you are undergirding us as well. for me it is not as much anymore

politics and affiliations. i am a republican and i am glad to be a republican. transcendsmuch politics. i would want to say i thank you all for your residence and encouragement, and i hope my presence encourages you. and i cannot even name everybody that even got me to be here with you. i have to run straight out of the door, but i have so any prayers and so much encouragement. team,elson, the wonderful working so closely with crystal and all of them. and jc watts, and karen blackwell, stephen helped. how many of you know that abraham lincoln gave his speech, his inaugural speech, and he stated "the battle hymn of the

there.can" was written we had this wonderful opportunity guest or, and a gospel choir solid reading all of that. as you celebrate, as you plan them it is not hopeless, it is not over. continue on and do it in a spirit of joy and purpose. no distractions. i am very grateful. i have so many friends here in the party, and i think god for each and every one of you. so let freedom ring, and tomorrow we will be back on the lincoln mall for a bell-greeting ceremony. if you can get over there, please join us. i would love to stay with you. i have got to, but god bless each and every one of you, and thank you so much.

>> next we will have our pledge of allegiance. our committeewoman from north carolina. the national anthem. thank you. can turnrepublicans on a microphone, and before i say something, crystal asks me what i knew of dr. payne. i met dr. king once. he came to my father's church when i was 12. our baptist church in north carolina was the last church that could accommodate him, and as i watched the scenes about things i had forgotten, i remember my father would not let me go and participate, because he knew the first person to -- he would have it on.

i pledge allegiance to the flag of the united states of america, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under god, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. o say can you see by the dawn's early light so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? through the perilous fight o'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? glaree rockets'red

the bombs bursting in air gave proof through the night that our flag was still there star-spangledat banner yet wave freethe land of the brave? home of the ♪ our strong voices together. the words on the back of your program. we got music coming.

♪ we will, if it does not start soon. ♪ start.s ♪ left every voice till earth and heaven rin -- ring libertyh the harmony of let our rejoicing rise high as the sky let it resound loud as the rolling sea sing a song full of the faith that the dark has taught hope inong, full of the

the present rising sun of a new day let us march on to victory is won stony the road we trod the days when hope unborn had died yet with a steady -- which oure place for five thes -- our fathers died

w have come over a way that here tears had been water we have been treading error phase through the slaughter out from the gloomy past till now we stand at last gleam of ourte bright star is cast weary years god of our silent tears us along therought way who has by thy might

led us onto the light path, weorever in the pray lest our hearts lest our hearts worldith the wind of the shadow beneath thy stand forever through to our god land ♪ o our native thank you so much for that.

next on program we will have our indications -- invocations. going togram we are have an invocation, and then sharon day.sms. >> let us pray. as we gather together to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the march on washington for jobs and freedom, let us first thank god for bringing us thus far along the way. we may not be where we want to be, but we thank god that we are

no longer where we were. and nobody told us that the road would be easy and often times it has not been. for, god, we do not believe he us thus farought to leave us out. as we commemorate the march and honor the man, let us also not to continue the movements and pursuit of the mission. the mission to bring good news to the meek, to heal the brokenhearted, to ensure the enslaved are liberated, and those that are bound are delivered. to ensure that every american has the opportunity to reap the benefits of freedom, independence, and self- determination. heavenly father, give us the in testable fortitude and the lyrical will to do what is right in the face of political operation. give us the strength to lead from a moral center. give us the wisdom to do govern justly. give us compassion to decide

mercifully. give us humility to always seek your face. heavenly father, bless the food that we are gnarled about to eat. thus every person under the sound of my voice. .us the leaders of this country bless the men and women serving and fighting and dying to secure our freedom and liberty, and, bless america. in jesus' name i pray, amen. >> amen. we are going to have lunch served right now. until we are able to fix our a.v . situation. so lunch will be served. thank you. >> leas have your seats.

your seats.ve >> while you continue the meal, we will continue with the rest of our program. we will continue our program, and right now you will hear from our dynamic co-chair, sharon day, as she gives us her opening remarks. >> thank you. i hope it works this time. fornt to thank the reverend the beautiful indication, and also for his leadership in the d.c. republican party. and good afternoon to everyone, and thank you for being here. and on behalfy, of the entire republican national committee, and german reince priebus i want to welcome you to the luncheon marking the

50th anniversary of the march on washington. i want to say to the women here today, happy women's equality day. this is the night -- this is the date the 19th amendment was added to our constitution 90 three years ago. and part of this proud history was led by the introduction of this amendment in congress by a republican senator in 1878. it took a republican house and senate to pass that amendment in 1919. we are thrilled again, as women to, to have the vote. so thank you. we are honored to have the chance to come together and tomorrow the 50th -- and to mark the 50th anniversary on washington, which was a truly pivotal event in our country's

history. i want to recognize some of our very special speakers and some of our very special guest. mr. dwight washington. thank you for that beautiful rendition of the national anthem. brown, head oft the associates who we also honored this year at our black republican trailblazers luncheon. mr. james kane, president of the foundation. mr. bob woodson, founder and president of the center for neighborhood enterprises, who is doing great work all across communities and all across our country. congressman james sensenbrenner, of wisconsin. h?t loud enough, hu every go. speaker t.w. shannon of the oklahoma house revisited is, and a recently announced republican

rising star. of the, and it is an honor to have the king family and representatives of the big five here today. let me say thank you to the staff of the capitol hill club and to everyone at the rnc who made this luncheon possible. nationaly our own director for american should uses -- strategic initiatives. thank you. day to together to commemorate a moment in history that is best remembered by four powerful words -- i have a dream. we honor the hundreds of thousands of americans who came from across the country to take a stand and to raise their , and america, our america

, is a better place because of their actions. i can remember watching with my family the coverage of the i do, and as a child not understand the importance, of what i was income a i knew i was experiencing something really special. for me, it is very special to be here and washington, d.c., where it all happens, and to mark this occasion with members of the king family and with all of you. .o today, we honor the past we celebrate the future. we are thankful of the progress that has been made, and we look to the future. together we continue the hard work of building a nation where individual opportunity and individual freedoms are in abundance and available to every thatcan, where every child hears those words, that

hears " i have a dream" truly understand and truly believe that that child, that individual has that opportunity, that not only does he have that opportunity to follow and to succeed, but to experience their and dreams. so today, we thank you for being here. we honor martin luther king and we honor those words -- i have a dream. thank you. >> thank you so much for those remarks. right now we will start our speaker part of the program. i am honored to present to you our first set of speakers. our first speaker is mr. bob brown, chairman ofbnc associates.

aris second speaker is mr. jimmy who will speak about the legacy of his father, jack kemp. we knew him as a great football quarterback and a hall of fame are. off the field as secretary of hud under president reagan and champion federal urban policies. mp we will have the founder and president of the center for neighborhood enterprises. and also he continues to advocate for the least of these, showing that circumstances at birth do not determine one's destiny. mr. brown, if you will please join us here. thank you. .> thank you, crystal

she is a wonderful person and has done a great job. i also appreciate all the work that my colleague rayna jackson, who has been involved in all the this, has done. he is all over the place. 50 years ago, i was here in washington with martin luther king jr., with walker and all the rest of them. clc,s involved in in the s and i did some marching, and i did a lot of other things during that time, during those two or three days we spent here. it was a revelation, and just like 50 years now, it is a revelation all over again.

we have so much to thank god for today. i mean, we have come a long way. that thereto say have been so many people, many of them in this room, in these rooms, who have sacrificed so much to bring us to this point in our history. and i want to thank the chairman of our party, who has looked out on up towe need to go another level, and he is reaching out and taking the party to that new level. mr. chairman, we thank you. i want to thank all of those -- first, i want to thank god, and then i want to thank the people who sacrificed and who gave their lives so we

could see this day. the years have been filled with anger and effort and many successes. we have a lot to be thankful for. we need to be prayer for all and reaffirming -- in reaffirming our commitment to do everything we can to make this a better nation. we still have to work on that, because we still have to have people to understand, particularly the people in power, in the congress, in the white house, and everywhere else, to know that this nation was built on compromise, and if we do not learn how to get it all together, we are going to sink this ship, and we cannot afford to do that. all of you in this room have paid some kind of price to be here, to be here, and to have come and soto

low so many times. i think of the black colleges who are suffering mightily because he cannot get together on what we are going to do for them and not just what we are going to do for them, but to help them help themselves. we are eating blocking that now, and that is not right. and we need to call it like it is, and i do not care whether it is coming from a democrat, republican, i do not care who it is. this is a part of our legacy, and if you are wrong, and if you are -- and if you want to fight for what we believe in, and fight for what our forefathers brought to this point, we need to lift it up and carry on in the black colleges. [applause] to havehat it is like all kind of roadblocks because life for me has not been a crystal stair. i know what the billy club feels like on my head, and i know what

the inside of a gl looks like, because i have been there. i have been in the marches, i have been in the demonstrations, i have been to jail. but i also know what the mountaintop looks like. i have been to the white house. i worked there for many years under president nixon. he started the minority enterprise program and all of the rest of the programs that are now being cut out. and so i know what we can do. i know what we are capable of doing. and we need to get on with that. and we need our organizations that are led by great people, many of whom are in this room, we need to support them more. we need to give them more that they can work with all the different problems that they are working with throughout our nation. and so, as i look back over those 50 years, as i look back and see what my stated grandmother used to say, she

said to me, bobby, do not let anything get in your way. just carry on with you, because in the end, that will be the determination of who makes it and who does not make it. he can give you everything, and i know because i came from a small town in north carolina, with nothing, with zero, and have been able to do and do a lot of things all over the world, including going inside a prison to see nelsen mandela and bringing his children overhear, and educating him while he was in prison. and so god can use your life. so i am asking you all here today, whether you are democrat, republican and, independent, no matter what you are, let's wreak determine who we are and what we are for. and all the organizations that would belong to, let's develop them around what we can do for

our communities, and how we can collectively work together, black and white, rich and poor, all of us, we have a job to do. and so today i am asking all of you to let's use this luncheon, you use this time, let's use our lives to get on with what god wants us to do. thank you very much. >> thank you so much, mr. brown. cap next speaker is mr. jimmy kemp. he will speak about the legacy of his father, jack kemp. >> it is an honor to be here. i am not the ceo of the jack kemp and nation.

i am just president of it. but thank you. i will take the promotion. ago the march on washington for jobs and freedom to place. the time was playing football for the buffalo bills. and two years later, he would be named the american foot all lead -- football lead all-star team. that team went to play a game in new orleans. -- i likeking talking loud. can you all hear me? they went down to new orleans to resume running back for the bills named cookie gilchrist. cookie used to drive a wrong a milk truck when they have to make money because salaries do not pay enough, and his truck was selling candies and ice cream, who knows what else, but

his would truck would say, looking looking, here comes cookie. what cookie is in new orleans, trying to get a cab. and he hails a cab. the cap sophs. the cab driver says rolls the window, says, sorry, sir -- --bably did not say searir you need to get a colored cap. he said, i don't need a colored cab. african-american players cannot stave in the same hotels, and they decided to stand up and say this is not right, moved again. whose father was president of the naacp at the time, and they try to work it without -- with a solution, all the white players agreed with a black players and said let's move the game to houston.

dad'sminoles were on my fly, and mr. chairman, he would be a huge supporter and encourager of you as the party reaches out to be the party of lincoln, which we all know that it is. it was not a mistake that the march on washington was in front of the lincoln memorial. lincoln -- thet cause of this union was predicated on the declaration of the quality. all.cause of freedom for he was the first president to invite blacks to the white house. and he was so sincere in these meetings that frederick douglass said these words -- i was impressed with his entire purchaserom popular this against the colored race. he was the first great and that i talked in the united states freely with who in no single instance reminded me of the difference between himself and

myself. ring so true of president lincoln. and it was an honor to meet neiece, theking's king family. dr. king, when i read one of his sermons, the words that rang through in my heart was love. here was a man who demonstrated love. 30 years ago this month, and, sharon, thank you for mining us about women's equality and the incredible contributions that women have made, 30 years ago there was another seminal moment in my father's career. he did not change his mind very often. bob try to change his mind a few times. but 30 years ago, i dad changed his mind about something.

the house of representatives was debating the creation of a holiday to honor dr. king, and dad stood up and on the house of the floor he said i have changed my position on this vote, because i think the american revolution will not be complete until we commemorate the civil rights revolution and guarantee those basic declaration of human rights for all americans and ruth those barriers that stand in the way of people being what they were meant to be. people all of us, we have a purpose, we are supposed to be something. that is what makes this country the united states of america. people can come here and achieve whatever they set their mind to. we all know we have got many challenges. and it is important to remember -- this is an exercise to remember the march -- i appreciate you giving me the

opportunity to share words about my father, but we know what dr. king, my father, all your parents would say to us -- to not think about us -- remember us -- but go do something. do not let the lessons that have been passed down go for naught. foundation,ck kemp one of the most critical projects we believe is in the legacy of dr. kane and of my father, is focusing on detroit, a city that has gone through incredible pain -- [applause] and this is an opportunity for those of us who believe this is still the greatest country in the world, for the people to have the opportunity to become all that they can be. we can go to detroit, and it is a city where we know each party has run that city for the past two years, and we can propose different solutions, solutions that are based on are free- enterprise system. we are obviously encouraging

enterprise zones to be strongly considered in detroit, but we need ideas. anybody who wants to talk to us about detroit, that is where we think is one of the most important places to have an impact and to share in that cause that each of us believe. it is an honor to be with you all to share some words. i appreciate the opportunity. and god bless you, god bless america him a thank you. >> thank you, jimmy. now we will hear from mr. bob sr.son, -- woodson >> good afternoon.

remember wasthat i a man who was not content with reflecting majority opinion or the consensus of the majority, but he challenged it. he forget the civil rights movement was not monolithic, that we had great conflict and challenge within. the students that sat in in that greensboro, were protesting the slow pace of legal redress coming from thurgood marshall and those from atlantic, and king was sent there to discourage the students from continuing civil disobedience. but the students said, follow or get out of the way. the others,had all when king went to birmingham, all the black pastors and everybody opposed him. it was the young people who came

out and supported him. they were the ones bitten by the dogs and driven back. i were always great congress. we had all of this great organizations, the urban league, naacp, competing with each other in this great big. dr. king confronted j.h. jackson, head of the national baptist convention, and deposed dr.come and as a result king left and formed the national progressive baptist convention. there was great division and conflict that existed that defined the progress of the civil rights movement. and there was one thing in common, and that is that many of those who suffered and sacrificed most in this pursuit for civil rights did not benefit from the change. billhat is why in 1965,

raspberry did this, and i keep this on my wall -- civil right gains by passing poor negroes. that many of those who suffered and sacrificed and not benefit from the change, and courtland paper wrote in sunday's and article that said the same thing. today -- we are talking about the dream, for many of the dream of poor people, it is a nightmare. everybody has come in front of them on the bus. women,mmigrants, environmentalists -- we never hear any talk about the conditions confronting poor black and poor people in general. [applause]

you know, there is some years ago when the klan came to demonstrate in washington, d.c., ward 8 was the most dangerous one here. they asked a brother, if he was going to demonstrate. he said, bring them down here if they can get rid of these drug dealers. [laughter] i want to talk to you briefly ofut a reflective respect this old brother. is he insensitive to racism questio? realitythered with his not with the clan, but with people who look like him. days after king made that speech, for girls were blown apart by the church in philadelphia, mississippi, a worker from boston was beaten to

death. the day of this demonstration we have six people shot in washington the same day. black americans right now, young people, we lose 3000 every six months. we have a 9/11 every six months. over 4000 died in 40 years of lynching. we could lose more than that in one year. the priorities that we have are not racism. just because i say that i need tires for my car, my mother gots heart surgery, we have to establish priorities. because i spend my resources helping my mother does not mean i do not need tires. the challenge we face is we are going to give voice to the least of all its children as a measure of our effectiveness and leadership? [applause]

the answers will come by going sufferingommunities of problem, and finding out not from the 70% of the households that are raising children, dropping out, but what is happening in the 30% of the households of the people who are not dropping out of school, in jail, on drugs. we just rolled a young lady in going toin teske, college, and for years she has been sleeping on buses, studying, going to school. he cause she is home on. she was admitted from a shelter. she was -- we need to go into our communities and put a microphone in front of you people like this you're not drugging or dropping out of schools and households that are successful in the midst of this, and we should invest time and resources to note up these communities so they are antibodies, and they represent a

new immune system. so all political parties should be put on notice that the way forward is to compete on how you have served the least of god's children. uplift ofutreach, but those at the bottom. [applause] the williams we are spending on attack ads against the cuts are republicans, this oftaking a small portion that and invested in community building to the people suffering the problem well have a voice and their own uplift. they are is where the competition between democrats and republican ought to occur, by how you have served the least of god's children. and if dr. king were alive today, he would not be us talking about justice for trayvon martin, but he would also give a prayer for the 18- year-old man, for this little

baby who was shot in the face by by alack kids, or world war ii veteran who was beaten to death for $50, or the oklahoma player who was killed. ing was morally consistent. he said the only way a minority can survive in a majority country is in cyst on moral equality, moral consistency is what we should insist upon. we should pray for the families of these fallen people as we do trayvon martin. in other words, we should not wait for evil to wear a white face before we get outraged. evil isur enemy, whether it

wears a white face or not, and we must be honest about those black politicians who are standing on the shoulders of those who sacrifice, and then use that his vision for corrupt purposes. out,ed to show them because they are moral traders. traitors,oral but we are silent about that. i'm sorry -- [laughter] but i think, if dr. king were alive today, he would step on some of these sacred issues the way he did when he brought the civil rights movement together with a piece movement. wan label him a communist. will whoe naacp castigated him. i was on the dais when roy

wilkins introduced dr. king. he was a man who was willing to take the risk to shape it. i hope some of our leaders today , that we will not be silent about these things that we walk around. thank you. >> thank you so much, and thank you so much, mr. brown, for sharing those wise words, your wisdom, and your future. the program we will have another musical selection by mr.

washington. ♪ >> ♪ let it shine let it shine let it shine

if i can help somebody alongass cheer somebody or sonword -- or song somebodyshow they've been traveling wrong not be inving shall vain

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shall notving vain somebodyhelp as i pass along then my living vain not be in let it shine let it shine shine ♪

white,k you so much, too for that before selection. next on our program we are going to have speaker of the oklahoma house of representatives, mr. t .w. shannon. he represents the celebrating our present section of our program. he became the first like republican, youngest in the nation, to become speaker of the oklahoma house. we are confident speaker shannon will help lead us as a partner -- as a party through the future, and we are so happy to have him here. good afternoon afternoon. thank you for that kind introduction. kristal, the republican party

and the chairman has been kind on me, butestow this i remind me when i was sworn in as the speaker, and all my eddie started referring to me as mr. speaker, and i said we are all rents and family here, and i do not want to hear this mr. speaker or rising star stuff. i expect to be treated like any other leader of the free world. that is all that i ask. thank you so much. in light of our gathering, to commemorate both the spirit and an event and that of an individual, i am reminded of the dramatic close of the i have a dream speech. it was a close that shifted the very foundation of this nation. oftentimes when we consider the poetic and yet profound promises imprinted in that close, we place emphasis on the fruit of the dream and so we should, for it yields the sweet satisfying taste of solidarity. nevertheless we must not

overlook in the same place, in the same clothes, dr. king also spoke about the root of the street. after knology and the difficulties that a way to those who struggle for freedom and justice in the rights of all, dr. king went on to say i still have a dream. it is a dream deeply rooted in the american dream. whichsite invest oil in -- citing the soil in which freedom was rooted, dr. king quoted his dream was planted in the promises by prudent men who fought to form this very idea. it was indeed the same prolific

words from that american gospel preacher that jolted the conscience of this nation. reminded america that the true source of our beauty which is the resolve to let freedom ring in the face of all tyranny both foreign and domestic. was it coincidence that it was before the lincoln memorial that dr. king uttered the words of his dreams? both men used the founding words and the word of god to recalibrate america. it was his unwavering service and sharing of his dream and his ultimate sacrifice that dr. king gave us not only a legacy to inspire, he also gave was inspired to guide.

the lesson is this and it is simple. a harvest of life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness and a harvest of the quality of education for all of our children whether public or children whether public or private schools. a harvest of limited government and strong families and economically thriving nation. and a nation where even the least of these may have a chance to experience prosperity that can only be derived from the satisfaction and personal responsibility of hard work. in order to produce a harvest we must follow king's lead. the soil of freedom and justice

not just for some but for everyone. at the root of the dream -- and the harvest will be. it will protect the root of the dream and be original soil of human dignity for which it draws its strength and it will be protected from contaminants and class warfare, socialism and any other polluted -- pollutant. if we would all resolve to do that, we would fulfill not on the dream of a great man but also the dream of a great nation. there was an incident that took place in anchorage, alaska in 2012 that depicts the heroic nature. a couple went to take other dogs. when the husband was delayed, the wife came out and saw her husband was being attacked with a moose. she grabbed a shovel and she

managed to get the moose to back away. the resourcefulness depicts the nature of this nation and in spirit form of when the odds are against us, we do not yield. if and when everything fails, we go to our pickups. we're featuring the founded principles to guide us and let's use what we have. may god bless you and the dream and these united states of america. [applause] >> thank you so much. our next speaker is congressman jim sensenbrenner. he has fought to protect the gains made.

he introduced the reauthorization of the voting rights act and amendments. after approximately 20 hearings and those of you who have worked on the hill know that is a lot of hearings. the measure passed with overwhelming bipartisan support. however, the supreme court struck down a key provision that congressman sensenbrenner has worked with his colleagues to update so the most sacred right will not be jeopardized. let us welcome, jim sensenbrenner. [applause] >> thank you very much and it is an honor to be here today.

i wish to salute reince priebus for that out together -- getting us altogether. this is important getting together and it shows the concern that we republicans have with minorities and in particular african-americans. some people ask why i am so concerned about civil rights. while i never knew dr. king personally and was able to see what he accomplished was worth as i was struggling to get out of law school and go to vietnam during those troubled times in our countries history. i hearkened back to a trip that my dad and i took when i was about 12 years old. we drove from wisconsin for spring break.

when we got into the deep south, i saw the very strange experience of two bathrooms and two water fountains and motels that said white only or colored only. and we stopped for gas there was usually an african-american who filled my dad's car with gas and a white man came out and collected the money. usually the filling of the tank cost five dollars back in the good old days. finally after experiencing this for a better part of the day, i turned to my dad and said, what is wrong down here? the african-americans are people, too. they seem to be kept almost in a state of slavery even though we northerners fought a civil war to end slavery and to preserve the union led by the first republican president. that is when i got highly sensitive to the civil rights movement that dr. king was really a spark plug of.

if you look at all of the civil rights bills that were passed in the 1950's and 1960's in the eisenhower, johnson, and kennedy administrations. the most important was the voting rights act. it took away artificial barriers, register vote and gave minorities a clear shot at winning elective offices. it prevented them from doing and that gave me my commitment to keep the voting rights act a live and well. i was able to broker the deal that kept it going in 1982 and in 2006 i gave a commitment to the naacp convention that we would reauthorize the voting rights act during that session of congress. and i was able to do that as chairman of the judiciary

committee with the 20 hearings and 15,000 pages of testimony which the supreme court decided to either ignore or decide it was too much for them to read and look at what discrimination was still occurring in many of the sections. i am committed to restoring voting rights act as an effective tool to prevent discrimination. more subtle discrimination than overt discrimination. this is going to be difficult because the way the court worded its decision. so far, this effort has been bipartisan and bicameral. a month and a half ago, congressman john lewis went and testified before the senate judiciary committee and how important the voting rights act is.

at the end of the testimony, mr. lewis turned around and put his arm on my shoulder and said, jim, you are my friend and my brother. and that was one the highest accomplishments i ever received in almost 46 years in elected public office. senator leahy said i am a civil rights icon and i said, no am i am not an icon. i am a mechanic. my job is to fix the voting rights act. the first thing we have to do is to take the monkey wrench that the court threw in it out of the voting rights act and then use that monkey wrench to be able to fix it so it is alive, well, constitutional, and impervious to another challenge that will be filed by the usual suspects. i am with you on this. [applause]

with all of the problems that we have over the budget problems, the resolutions and the debt ceiling and the snooping by the nsa, this is something that has to be done by the end of the year so that a revised and constitutional voting rights act is in place before the 2014 election season both primaries and general elections start to run. we have job number one that is before us. i know we are all here for job number one. it is not going to be easy but when we are all together, we shall overcome. thank you. [applause] >> thank you. our next speaker really does not need an introduction. i would like to say special remarks about our distinguished

chairman, reince priebus. in march, we released the growth and opportunity project and it is a 100 page document. under his leadership, we will be engaging minority communities for the first time, we will be going to communities and being there three years before any election. reince priebus believes that every vote counts and i am so honored and so blessed to have the opportunity to work under him. please welcome reince priebus. >> thank you to you all and to crystal and what a great job she has done. jim sensenbrenner just made some news.

it is always -- you have to appreciate the wisconsin cheesehead leadership. he has been a leader -- when i was a young guy in wisconsin, jim ran the show. he was the leader of everything that we did and tommy thompson came around. he was a pioneer. obviously now it is scott walker, ron johnson. it is an incredible place. i am grateful for everything jim has done. i know in his heart and you heard him say it is at his core at the things he believes.

as chairman of the rnc, i wanted to take this opportunity that we had together to commemorate this historic week here in history. i want to keep my remarks brief and everybody has said so much and i am grateful for everybody here. if you look around this room, and you just about know what this means for our party, with the lessons we can learn and what i can learn as chairman of the party. you cannot make the sale if you do not show up for the order. [applause] this is a good example of something a few weeks ago, we need to be a part of this. we need to commemorate this historic day. how many people are going to come? we are in recess. i do not know. the rnc sending an invite.

look around. it is a blessing to our party. [applause] and i want to tell you, i know that in this room -- it is not 100% republican and i know that. i know that few democrats came up and said, you know what, we are supporting this because the republican party is not going to fight like crazy for every single vote in this country and do not fight like crazy for the african-american vote, then guess what? the other side takes it for granted. we need both sides fighting for every vote in this country. bob brown has become a mentor to me. he sat down at the table with dr. king and worked with a president on equality.

you visited nelson mandela in prison. we want to keep learning from you. we want to grow and learn those lessons. [applause] bob woodson, you have dedicated your life to building communities and transforming lives in schools and neighborhoods. you have blessed so many people. you are a huge blessing to paul ryan. he talks about you everywhere he goes now. i thank you for that. speaker shannon, i mean tw, we're not allowed to call you speaker anymore. you will see why we labeled him as a rising star of this party. the future of the republican party. tw shannon and members of our community and pat mullins and a few more and jill and we are thankful to you. jimmy kemp, thank you for carrying on the vision of your beloved father that the american dream should be a reach for all americans.

and it is wonderful to have representatives of the civil rights community, hilary shelton from the naacp and marc morial and the leadership conference. and so many other organizations. at our core, we are fighting in our own ways for a better country. it is so good that we can come together like this and something that quite frankly we do not do enough. and we are going to start doing more of it. today is a big lesson of what it means when you decide we are going to do anyway and put out an invitation and we have been overwhelmed today and this afternoon. i know today is not about partisan politics. i do want to take the chance that we have to share a few thoughts about what an anniversary like this means to us as a party.

today and in the future. when dr. king spoke to the crowd not far from here, he said, 1963 is not an end but a beginning. 50 years later, as we look back, this commemoration is not just about the past. 1963 through was beginning and the march for jobs was the first step, where do we stand 50 years down the road? what we stand half a century along the journey? certainly, america has come a long way. on wednesday, 50 years to the day when dr. king spoke on the steps of the lincoln memorial, america's first black president will address the crowd and all americans understand and recognize that incredible significance. but still, as many before me

said, there is so much more work to do. marchers came to washington in 1963 to claim their right to the american dream. for those of us in politics and public life today, we cannot rest until that dream is a reach for everybody. it is a call for action. as americans, what can we do for the cause of justice and opportunity? for the marcher's call for jobs. we have to keep working until every american has a shot and jobs are plentiful and communities are thriving. that means helping the black and minority owned businesses grow. it means ensuring hbcu can

weather the hard times. and it means fixing our schools. every child in america deserves a quality education. the chance to attend a good school. to build a better life. a child's education should not be determined by their zip code. no child should be stopped -- stuck in a failing school. it is unfair when children are stuck in failing schools -- america is failing its children. we have to fight for better schools for all kids because it is nothing less than a civil rights issue.

education is essential to equal opportunity. and that is essential to the american dream. as republicans, this is one area where we can lead. i was raised in wisconsin. not far where the republican party was born in 1854. you ever wonder where a guy got a name like reince priebus. i am what happens when a greek and a german gets married. my kid's name is jackson, so we went in the opposite direction. it was worth breaking the tradition. my mom was born in sudan and my dad was in the army in ethiopia and they moved back eventually to wisconsin. i got involved in politics as a little kid and i was always

interested in my grandfather in greece who loved politics and he came to love this country. he loved every little thing about it. i was in a state that the republican party was born in. our party's beginning was born around issues of civil rights and equal opportunities. our party has a rich, proud history of equality, freedom, opportunity. [applause] we do not tell our story anymore, we will close the history of this party. we do not tell it, but we are going to. it's about time we do. i also know that -- do not address the issues of today. i get it. we'll do better in building a better future, it is up to us. we have an opportunity that god gave us. we are not here by accident. i am not here standing before you by accident.

we have a lot of work to do. i want to make you proud of this party. it is going to take a lot of work. we are talking about building a republican party like we have never done, that is what we are doing. i am not interested in doing a story here or there or by hiring a couple of people and calling it in our story. that is not going to do it. we are talking about reaching from every corner of this country, and communities with community leaders influencing and telling our story. if we start telling our story again, that we can do better and i know that we can do better. that is the vision that we have. we should draw inspiration from the words of dr. king that echoed across the national mall and across this country in 1963. words that called us to remember the basic promise of america's founding that god created us all equal and all of us deserve an

equal chance at making it in this great country. when dr. king spoke at the march, he talked of standing in the symbolic shadow of the great emancipator. today, we stand in the shadow of the great civil rights leader. we recommit ourselves to his cause for a better america to the dream he spoke of when he quoted isaiah, chapter 40. imagine the day where every valley shall be exalted and every hill and mountain made low and the rough places made plain and the crooked places made straight. may god bless the legacy of dr. king and the march on washington and may god guide us in the continued pursuit of what is just and right. thank you and god bless you. i appreciate it.

thank you. thank you. [applause] >> thank you so much for those remarks. thank you for joining us. if you will remain standing, we .ill have the benediction has been a great afternoon. let's have a great round of applause to crystal again. i do want to say tank you to

chairman previous for your leadership. i am reminded of how difficult a task this is for you. doing this is important because it is right. i know this is not going to be an easy task. we want to say it does the right thing to do. it is never wrong to do us right. i would like to remind us that the prophet jeremiah has to say this about the israelites. he encouraged them prosper and continue to and to thrive even though they were an exile position. the last thing he and kurds them

pray for he said to the city. he said as you pray for the prosperity of that city you too will prosper or. have ave as we commitment to praying for our nation and praying for the urban centers of america, the best days are before us. committed tople the principles which we talked about today. a nation.dvance us as if you can grab the hand of the person next to you. , we want to thank you so very much for this great occasion. as he stand here on the 50th anniversary of the march on washington i am reminded that 50 is the number of jubilee. jubilee is a great celebration. we take this opportunity to

celebrate you and celebrate the as pay peoplet we avenu have achieved, not just ask that all americans. i encourage you to encourage us to do what we are and naval to do on our own, empower us to do all throughout this nation to pass the baton to the next nation that iseter remembering the land of our forefathers eared we enqueue for the legacy of the republican party. i pray that we continue to stand for the principles that are honest and true that would ultimately make america a shining example to the world. we love you. we thank you so much for all you're doing doing in and through us. let the people of god say

together with a shout, amen. >> amen. >> amen. god bless you. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013]

>> tomorrow marks the 50th anniversary of the march on washington to promote civil rights and equality for african- americans during c-span has brought you live coverage of events commemorating the anniversary. we will pick things up to life this afternoon with the national youth summit. this'll starts at 315 eastern. then like tonight, the report hosts a panel featuring civil rights activist and pbs news anchor gwen eiffel exploring the role of the press and how lessons can be applied in the digital age. all this will culminate to more on a rally at the national mall with remarks from the steps of the lincoln memorial. "i have aed his

dream" speech. life coverage throughout the day. 11:00 its underway at eastern right here on c-span. here's the latest on syria. the arab league has blamed the syrian government for last attack nearns damascus that killed hundreds, calling for the perpetrators to be brought to justice. the ap reporting that france is prepared action responsible. todayondon, david cameron recalling parliament for a urgent discussion. from washington, the u.s. military stands ready to strike syria at once. we are expecting more on u.s.

response to syria during today's white house briefing. jay carney will take question starting at 1230 p.m. eastern. we will have that life for you here. the vice president of google recently spoke about how she believes it is the official for educators and those in the science and engineering industry to collaborate with each other on how best to get students prepared for careers. she spoke at an event hosted by advancement for science. we will show you this today which is scheduled about half an hour from now. >> i'm going to introduce our keynote speaker. there is one thing i have learned about her. when you think you have learned all there is to know there is yet one more to learn. the advanced is products team that takes new

technology to development, projects that may or may not this. she is working on several projects there. before she was instrumental in acquiring keyhole. before joining google she was mediao of a premier lgbt sites at the time. she is a mechanical engineer by education eared she got her masters and bachelors at mit and did her thesis work at the same media lab. accomplishments are impressive. she also brings many other aspects of her experiences that directly relate to today's topic. she is on the board at mit and one of theset

that we will be discussing. the solve for x, a form to amplify tech-based thinking and collaboration. i suggest you check it out. there are some really great ideas. she also helped start and organization dedicated to finding innovative solutions to empower girls around the world and disadvantage communique communio advance her cell. she is all of that. is whatst two catalyst i want to emphasize. i have direct experience with these qualities. she is one of the rare people who not only has a lots of amazing ideas but also knows people well and has an uncanny knack for connecting people and

ideas in a way that had alliances spectacular solutions. with that i would like to introduce you to my friend in the keynote speaker megan smith. >> thank you. a quick switch. i have some slides and images i would like to show you guys. link it is. thank you for putting this together. we have and also program. andave portable digital lots of other topics. what i wanted to do is kind of weirdthat we have this problem of supply and demand for 100,000 probably 80 to

jobs open every year and our country in stem areas. for some reason, it is not pulling people in. i think it is an open question. preparing them and motivating them in some way, that is happening. in other countries we are limiting it for them to come and create more value and innovation and create more jobs i'm being here. our approach is not working. i want us to think about it today.

i am not an education expert. i am a mechanical engineer. i have gone to work in extraordinary projects. i want to cruise through some things i think have changed and areas we might consider. this is really indicative of things we want to change.

red is english. you see spanish, portuguese. if we google search, you can think of it in an internet way. this has never happened before. it means we can really think differently and are available to each other to solve problems and to collaborate in extraordinary ways. i wanted to flip a couple of images of things that show that. things have he come adjacent. they just finished computer science undergrad degrees. this is the same we have in silicon valley.

gather. this culture is emerging throughout the world. when we run google i/o, we have not only the people who physically gather in san francisco, but we have more than one million people who are considered partners all around the world.

i think about the amazing ted conference, ideas worth sharing. they have a movement like this where people are meeting twice a day. extraordinary momentum. these guys are part of that world, so we are connected to them. i had a chance to go visit them. this is an idea of content. everybody knows wikipedia. this is a similar idea. knowing only about 30% or 40% of the world hazmat -- has maps. do you ever get the experience where you look at the map and there is a line.

the people who live here just draw themselves onto the map. this is what people did for six months. as we think about daunting challenges of education, how are we collaborating to do these things, to cause amazing things to happen? this is the activity happening, people are putting themselves on the map. i got to work on the beginning of google book search. they had the idea of these are all websites. the idea was to scan them and make them searchable in the catalog way. one thing i would have never guessed is this tool. this is a new york times article.

now every word is adjacent. scholars can search for trends. this is a search for women in english books. it does not really start until the modern renaissance movement. here is another one that became adjacent. satellites have watched our planet since the 1980's. there is an amazing we can use for issues with the planet. this is an image from a small area in brazil. there is a project where they have taken the data for all of these and make them live datasets so they can run against these in figure out what is happening, so thinking about data being adjacent.

we work on extremism. the idea is to find people who have gone the wrong direction. they get 50 former extremists from all continents and 20 survivors and had a conference. these people have met, and they are visually connected. people have been through a lot of difficult experiences. they are now working to solve

problems. now we can work with people to help our youth. it is a way to think overtly about the resources to help our youth not go in these directions. violence against women. a billion rising was the program they did on valentine's day last year. millions of people working on this trying to change something together.

i will jump into some vacation stuff. as the globes pins, -- spins, there is europe, and there is africa. you have 900 million talented people who are not in our conversation. i found this image. it is that color because it is planned. an astonishing lack of getting infrastructure in there. the good news is it is changing.

you can see the explosion through all the market regions. 80% an attrition in markets. most of these are text and voice and not that up. -- not data. we are doing this project to fly balloons. we are flying at the stratosphere level. the idea is to network and provide access to rural areas. they provide conductivity. people are enjoying the internet

at copper pricing for the first time. really interesting for countries that suffer from corruption. they report tribes, so people can actually police their own communities for the first time using these technologies. people do not always know because it is used during crisis response. you may not have seen this tool, but people are texting to others and posting, and people could rescue people underground.

it was an amazing new tool invented in nairobi. you can see new media companies emerging. one of the other trends that is interesting, and east africa they told me some of the london ad agencies are outsourcing all over the world, especially to kenya, so if you are going to london and being presented an agency, three or four percent may have come from another country. one of the greatest changes is to see how much the ngo is being affect did. -- affected. you can see them running a youth

soccer program. the idea was to live in a shack and see who was around. he was able to get you in see -- unc behind him. people come up underneath them. the network is allowing them to rise. i wanted to start with the most extreme. there are so many kids who never get to have a teacher. this is a simple project.

they have taken these people and loaded them up. nobody could read within miles. he gave the tablet to the kids. they did not tell them anything other than one adult how to use the solo charger -- solar charger. the question is could they teach themselves, and could they join us.

this year we had thousands enter and winners from many countries. flipping to education, these are incredible teachers we were able to ring together. how do we help our master teachers help us? it is interesting, because the faculty gets excited, and other people are deciding. i love the stat in waiting for superman that says 80% of the teachers are good and 50% are astonishing.

we do not let the teachers disrupt us. we need to figure out how to do that. figuring out how to integrate is going to help us a lot. here is one teacher who just started teaching. it is an amazing accomplishment. there are moments when you are slowly making progress. there is energy, and you are going somewhere. i am so glad he started, because he kind of gave us a kick in the pants to say let's go. i really encourage people to

watch this talk, so this section is about her civilized learning, so instead of having to go to class and sit still and be lectured at you move the content. it could be personalized. instead of a lecture, why should it be that way? could we shift it so more kids learn? could we flip it? this is st. louis. it might as well be football. it is amazing. one of the main thing is, how we going to leverage this

technology, and how are we going to get hands on design and theater and performance into the classroom so it is much more fun? if we think back to the new tech knowledge he, you can remember the moments when it was. you did a project, and you realized, not only is it fun -- it is what i do and not only what you do but what i do. her daughter is in the same class as our older son. this is from their third grade

class. i love their teacher. as her goal, in effort there is joy. she knows she has to teach the class, but that is her goal. if we think about this, we want the kids to love learning and love being involved. they no longer have science classes. they call it roger it's time. it means we are actively doing projects. project time. they were using superheroes to learn social engagement. it is less about content. it is about learning to learn and collaboration, academic passion, working with each other

. it is going to be the 50th anniversary of the i have a dream speech next wednesday, and i think it is amazing to reflect back on what martin says. he had a dream that his children would not be judged by the color of their skin but why the contents of their character. if you think about 21st century skills, they are about content of character. are you able to learn and not filling their heads, but let's teach them to love this. they are going to live 100 years or more, so we can teach them

how to be engaged. another critical thing is around inclusion. we talked in a way that only gets a certain group of kids excited. that is not a good idea. they put their best on computer science he a 50% women. they have more people in computer science. it is attractive, and they have more people minoring in it. the girls said, it is not interesting. i do not want to work with those people.

those are the stereotypes. they addressed all three. the first one was the kids did not understand why this had impact on the world. a lot of kids said, i want to work on poverty. they are talking about how we write apps and do things, so they walk in and say, how can we get the medicine to them? explain why and then you get to the puzzle. the second thing, that was for kids to have lots of experience. the goal track was the kids who have no experience. a lot of them said, i am not going to be good at it. they coached kids who are showing off. the showoff kids gained a lot, because now they are not going to be considered arrogant.

it helps everyone. they knew they were up against the law of challenges. they got internships. they are up against stereotypes. children's television is 3-1 men and boys against girls on screen. there were almost no characters on television. we are up against huge sexism. it is insidious.

everybody gets butterflies, but the boy gets a microscope. it is not even accurate. while a g is pretty balanced now. i have been working on visibility. these are women in computer people you have no idea who they are, including the founder of computer science, the first idea about writing something. we need to tell the kids maybe women were in a minority, but they were there. they were always there. i just heard about catherine hnson, born in 1918, scientist,rican mathematician, graduated from high school at 14, college at 18, and went on to calculate the trajectory for alan shepard's

flight,and john glenn's and the moon missions. we need to know about them, we need to know there was a core of women astronauts who were not allowed to fly, but they were equal. we need to that work. we are starting to. i shared the great workers at the series which is servicing these stories. he had been doing a lot of work at google, people getting the women who are making our products upfront so people can see them. there are minorities doing this. there's a subgroup of the pbs show about women at google, and other companies are doing that. this is the kind of environment i work in. this is what i am talking about. this is project time all day. that is when we work on the coolest names. this is this tech world.

it is so fun. desks look like this. we are a little bit more hardware. runs lots of google x, he likens it to willie wonka. shouldn't it feel like to willie wonka factory? what if school is like that? our mission is to invent moonshot technologies that can make the world a radically better place. if kids got to do that from elementary school, he sometimes think about moon shots as a problem working in the world. some kind of breakthrough that might make a radical solution possible. we have huge numbers of accidents. people waste so much time driving and now we have a texting academic.

-- epidemic. how can we use these technologies that are available in robotics to have that car drive itself? maybe you cannot get there right away. maybe you need mercury, gemini, at apollo, but you can begin. it is about ideas, and this is isabel, one of the early design ners for google glass. why couldn't school be like that? then we do projects and then we start as this is. 10x better. when you are working on something, how can i help you move that forward? this is a place where we want people to celebrate moonshot

thinking. often when we look at who already made it, but let's celebrate people who are taking the crazy risks. here are proposals to help them move though world forward in moonshot radical proposals. last, i would end on it is so important to help kids find their passion. what is therirx? of askingsaid instead kids their major in school, why can't you ask them, what is your problem, what are you solving, what are you trying to figure out question mark i was likely to take acoustics from a professor which was an amazing teacher, and he said you guys are high-performance but you have to find your passion. if you find your passion, you will be unstoppable. that is what i purchased a, to use these technologies. .his stuff is really early

they need a lot more work. all the stuff needs were, that it will take all of us. 1/3 but./3 yes hands, let's make this happen. thank you. [applause] we will do some questions. >> could you write your questions down and pass them to the side. [indiscernible] you can actually come up to the mike. >> hello. thank you very much for that. not to be a cynic, because i love all of your ideas, but i come from the classroom, and how do you implement what is your passion problem-ng kids on

based learning in the current culture of testing, testing, testing in math and reading? >> it is a nightmare, and it is a mistake. it is interesting, one of our interest -- engineers came back theyvietnam, and he found are teaching computer science in second grade in classes, and he went into an 11th grade class, and the kids were working on a problem, and he went back, asked one of the google engineers, what level of interview question do you think this is? half the kids in 11th grade were getting the problem. other people are doing this. we need to do it. we need to do two things, i think. one is the people who know best are the teachers, and we need to to ourselves into position listen to the teachers and help them help us solve the problem.

like every industry, because they have -- it is almost like instead of more research and work, we need to be journalists and find the best teachers. i met the governor of delaware easily, and he has an interesting program or teachers to help them work together, and some of those directions -- it reminded me about the lending circles for impoverished people. i think your point is completely the issue. -- we are so to me stuck in the way we are doing things, i think it is between 15% and 30% of the top university graduates who tried to do teacher america last year. harvard --rinceton, maybe there's some way to get that energy.

i do not know what the solution is, but we need to sit think -- we need to think 2/3 yes. every year we survey ourselves every year. what is the to see pulse, what does the community think, and what does the community want to do? exactly. hi, and thank you very much for your comments. in terms of textbooks, like having more information about the minority groups, how do you get that wedge into the textbooks committees that are making all of that, who are producing information that the kids are observing? >> we should measure it or demanded. it has been incredible to me to begin -- the reason why i started this, i was in 10 downing street in the uk, and a

bunch of us entrepreneurs or quit the entrepreneurs over there, and we were lucky because there was something called on by the prime minister, and they got to come to 10 downing, and there was a portrait, and somebody said, and this is lady lovelace. i said, of course i do not. it was the founder of my industry, and i have no idea who she was. we need to go get these stories. at google one of the things we're doing, i did a scene with women called text makers. we are trying to put up the there were women called computers. they were doing ballistic trajectories at the university of pennsylvania. other programs got six of them and said you guys need to help us figure out how to program this. they gave them the wiring diagram and said figure this out. and they did. circuit.e thie

these people are completely unknown to us, and that is a problem for the boys and the girls. part of it is going on a discovery, and then thinking in moonshot thinking, how are we going to get there, whether it is lobbying for the textbook folks, or working with hollywood to make films about these heroes. chai hope to do. ito not know if they can do -- >> my young daughters have microscopes. any other questions -- >> any other questions? >> talking about moonshot technologies, you imagine the saturn rocket going up to the moon after so many ecological innovations. can you single out particular

educational technology that you think would be worth putting all thatfort into, like -- will really change everything in terms of a reticular technology that would deserve this focus and attention? >> i would give the kids the web. >> everything on the web >> because the web has everything and each other. it is the content and us. there is a really cool -- extraordinary things will happen. because you have all different kinds of contribution am even in the lightweight version of the innovation of simple wikipedia, which most of us surf wikipedia, some of us at it a little but, people do crazy things. there is a story from the oxford english dictionary or, a person in prison who wrote three letters, so they crowd sourced it the same way. we doe used humanity,

extraordinary things. if you gave the kids the web him they would start finding things, the teachers would start ash where they do have teachers, the best kids, they would have coaches, and it is amazing where they do not have teachers, they have digital teachers, they have each other. it is amazing to think about. i have a freshmen coming in from mongolia this year, and people now an open standard for online learning/ --. ofse guys had a small group friends in mongolia, electronics and circuits class, and for many years there has been course materials online, but not in a teach-talked environment. these people wanted to continue. .6 they wanted.003

that meant they wanted an online course when they made up their own class and feared out that they wanted to do. what started happening? it will. kids will start interacting in ways that will blow us all way. teachers will start interacting in ways that will blow us all away. i believe networking the network , plumbing the network of us to content will really make a massive difference for everybody. >> thank you. i work on technology and learning. one of the biggest impediments is child protection and safety and privacy. you say give kids the web, that is not that hard to do, but making sure kids talking to another kid and not some grown- up pretending to be a kid and the things they are sharing or not going to compromise their safety or editing, where have you come down on that, because it certainly is a pretty big hurdle? >> there are two things today

do. one is to have very particular websites and things that you green light. for example there was this site called epals which is an amazing community of classrooms networks. allowed all of that community to interact well. that would be a good solution for that. youtube, the team that does that, there is open you tube and a set of stuff that has been looked at by people, and it is green labeled. for use in education. you could think through cleverly how to do that, and crisis was good early on, and i am having simple buttons next to the pages that said this is in the wrong place, this is inappropriate, this person is doing something commercial, whatever, and let the community how you police. with the kids next going to the next couple layers into search.

that is critical. the second thing i would do is there is an amazing -- one of the best teachers in our country , esther in palo alto, she teaches journalism and teaches 500 kids and they have all these publications. she has sent her classroom. -- she has flipped her classroom. she has a media literacy course that is reading and writing for the web. 13asks kids who have turned that they would be able to register and have a blog to learn how to use this medium in school, all of our kids. what i would call more sensing and policing type ideas, places that are safe to go, but also educating the kids about the world, the physical world and the digital world. we need to educate them about the both, the dangerous. in high school we should be

working closely with them about where they should and should not be, and help them become powerful owners of that, using something smart like a classroom that every kid could have. not only is this about the web stem, there is 60 million kids in school and one speciallion getting hands on things. we need to get them into class and get this kind of media into class so all kids have access to it. questions? ok. thank you. one more. >> [indiscernible] moonshot --he there is our company huge amount of work going on in we are good at platforms, and then having master teachers building.

most of the real innovation in education is having on youtube, and some of the apps are people using platforms so they can share collaborative documents. instead of its saying don't look at that paper, it will be look at that paper, copy each other, work together, so your starting to get cloud-based technologies that are out there that are accelerating pace. search itself, to find great resources. that is where i think those of the innovation -- there are a couple of groups that do stem outreach, tried to get the hollywood industry to have better stereotypes about our world, in the kids programs. we are working collaboratively with great people at code.org. computer science is more like a mask kind of thing. it is not a field. we need all caps to be digitally

literate and know how to create code. we are talking about makers. thank you. [applause] >> live pictures from the white house briefing room this afternoon, with reporters rating to get more on the response to the news that the syrian government has used chemical weapons. jay carney is expected any moment which we will have shortly live on c-span. the associated press has this on the situation in syria -- military forces stand ready to strike if obama gives the order. chuck hagel said this today as the u.s. prepares to declare formally that the syrian regime has used chemical weapons.

it points to assad's government as the culprit. the u.s. along with allies are appearing to lay the groundwork were the most aggressive spots in the war, that started two years ago. the president and canadian prime minister stephen harper spoke today about the serious situation and chemical weapons being used on august 21. the u.s. and canada opposed use of chemical weapons, and they to workd to agree closely on responses from the international community. the possible military intervention is already into fierce opposition among members of congress, and a growing chorus of republican and democratic lawmakers seeking he seek congressional authorization for any strikes against other assad regime. a virginias is

asking the president to reconvene congress and seek approval for any military action. in the senate, even some who support punishing the syrian government for these attacks, are joining for the resident to first gain congress'approval. we are expecting to it more on the situation during the white house briefing expected to get underway in a few minutes. we will have it live when it starts. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] [captioning performed by national captioning institute]

more on the situation in syria collected during the briefing. it is expected to get underway in a couple minutes. we will have it live when it does. until then a discussion on imminent domain from today's "washington journal." is a professors from george mason university. we will talk about the issue of eminent domain, which has come back into the broader discussion because of a number of issues. the supreme court case of a couple years ago and municipal concerns like detroit. the fine for us what exactly is eminent main -- define for us what exactly is eminent domain. guest: it is the power of government to take private property erie it is a very old power. kings in europe exercised at hundreds of years ago where the

arose where people have to be compensated where the property was taken. it was an attribute of the british crown. after the revolution, the states had the power, and interestingly, the fifth amendment to the federal constitution says that nor shall private property be taken without just compensation. it does not actually if the federal government the power. it's a we assumed that as a sovereign the government has that power. host: and this is based on the expenses of economies -- of the colonies with the crown? guest: the crown had abused the colonies in many ways, so you have the third amendment regarding quartering of troops. the troops eight people out of house and home and spiderman. it the king of england did not abuse the eminent domain power, so this part of the fifth

justment was put in because james madison it was important to do. host: the term has come back into our discussion over the last years with the decision by the supreme court and what is called the kelo case. guest: the case at involved efforts by the city to revitalize an area which was economically depressed as a and navalindustries bases in eastern connecticut closing up. mrs. kelo lived near long island sound. she lived in a nice home in a nice area. the state of connecticut and the city decided they would take all of those townhouses, demolish them, and use them to put up

stores and a hotel and restaurants to complement the pfizer pharmaceutical company which had built a facility next door. the case, before everyone understood that government could take private property on public use, which meant one of three things. the first was for direct use by of government for some kind other government facility. the second reason was for use by the general public, such as a road. the third reason was used by a heavily regulated public utility like a railroad or pipeline, ande everyone had access, rates were set as result of government rules. what the case did was to pick up on a smattering of older supreme court cases, and announced that

public use also equated more broadly with public benefit, the idea being that the revitalization of new london, connecticut, conferred a general public benefit, justifying it being treated as a public use. host: the economic benefit, jobs, etc. guest: jobs were the keys. we will open up our lines to viewers. you can also reach us on facebook. decision was in 2005, and you have had the economic downturn, the housing collapse. how does the collapse of the housing market play into the discussion of eminent domain? guest: this is now a very

whichversial plan apparently has been adopted and will be implemented in richmond, california, and previously had been chopped around in san bernardino california, and the other place is the idea that indemnent would mortgages and then basically readjust the amount of the mortgage to the homeowner so that the new mortgage would be based on the current market value of the home rather than the much higher value in the cities at the time the original mortgage was given. and the idea is that a private mortgage resolution partners, have come up with a scheme where they would fund this, local governments would condemn mortgages, he would give

the owners of those mortgages what was called just compensation. in turn, they would cancel the mortgages and issue new mortgages with the homeowners at amount, and the goal is to keep people from losing their homes and keep the economy of these communities from faltering and keeping a lot of vacant real estate. host: and the banks are objecting to that. industry isortgage vociferously fighting this. host: as we are talking about the city of richmond, california, here's the article from yesterday. california city looks to seize home loans.

they pay the bank $150,000, and the banks are saying that house is worth $200,000 or more. it is more than that because many of these lows, the majority of these loans, will be ones on which borrowers are current in their payments. if far worse are making their payments, as far as the lender is concerned, there's no loss at all. host: but the mortgage is underwater a bit? is that the deal? guest: yes, but first in california and some other states, there is a rule that means the lender does against the property and forecloses on the loan. the lender cannot then turn around and sue the bar or work for a deficiency. even if the borrower were is not liable for a deficiency in court, nevertheless, there are people were paying their loans, who have the money to do that,

who assumed that the parcel may well go up in value. they do not want that staying on their credit rating. again, these loans are performing. that 300,000 dollar loan which is in good standing is only worth $150,000 is problematic to say the least. callers to talk to you. ross is for stuff. caller: good morning. mr. eagle, that case in new london, i do not live too far away from there, but correct me -- theyrong, that case took that land almost 10 years ago and correct me, but they never did anything with the land, they never built any businesses or hotels or motels or anything like that. is that true? guest: yes, you're absolutely right. the city condemned -- the city

tried to buy out as many of those houses as they could. as soon as they bought the house, they demolished it to do more allies the other residece. they were going to have the great new area to complement the >> she is all anybody needs around here. the biggest brain and the shot. good, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for being here. i have no announcements to make at the top of this briefing, so i will go straight to julie. >> have there been any decisions in the last 24 hours or so on what the u.s. response to serious? >> the president continues to work with his national security team, reviewing the options available to him. when he has made a decision and has a -- has announcement to make, he will make it. so that process continues.

at this point? >> correct. >> there is a lot of speculation this intelligence report that would link assad to the chemical attack might be released today. is there an update on the timing? >> i would say that yesterday i made clear that the intelligence community is working on an assessment and once we have the assessment, we would provide information to the public about it. that remains true. i think that speculation that it would come today rather than some other day, but it will come and i think you can expect it this week. let me also say, and i think both secretary kerry and i both attempted to make clear yesterday that there is no doubt here that chemical weapons were ond on a massive scale august 21 outside of damascus. doubtis also very little

and should be no doubtapoaches y that the syrian regime is responsible for the use of chemical weapons on august 21 outside of damascus. we have established with a high degree of confidence that the syrian regime has used chemical weapons already in this conflict. we have made clear that it's our firm assessment that the syrian regime has maintained control of the stockpiles of chemical weapons in syria throughout this drought thiss -- conflict. it is also the case the syrian regime has the rocket capacity to deliver the chemical weapons as they were delivered with repugnant results on august 21 outside of damascus. deliberations taking place

now and the options being considered by the president and his national security team are not around the question of whether or not chemical weapons were used in syria on a significant scale, causing mass civilians,nocent women and children, it's not a question of whether the syrian regime is responsible, it's what is the response to this clear violation of international norms? will divide report some kind of evidence that they were taking all of these pieces -- will this be tangible evidence -- >> more information will be provided with what we can give to you in an unclassified manner to the public. the u.s.is not just government asserting, i think you saw the statement from the

arab league and have seen multiple eyewitnesses accounts, you have seen statements from independent organizations like somers without borders and that are risking their lives to cover the story in syria that have provided substantial confirmation of what occurred on august 21. int the president is engaged is the process of deciding as he consults with international allies and his administration consults with congress about what they're up appropriate response -- about what the appropriate response to this flagrant violation of international norms should be, and there must be a response. >> the british prime minister is recalling the parliament this week. there will be a motion on authorizing the british response. say president obama is not going to call back congress question mark >> i

don't want to engage in speculation about a course of action that has not been decided upon. when the president has announcement to make, he will make it. undertaken,ess is we are consulting rectally with house and senate leaders in congress. we are consulting with the leadership of the relevant committees and other members of congress who have a keen interest in this matter. have seen that documented by some members who have spoken to it and we think it's very important the consultation process take place in a manner like this with such gravity. also, as we have made clear, are engaging with our international partners in a substantial list of conversations the secretary of state has had. the president has had consultations with the canadian prime minister today and in

recent days with british prime trish prime it -- minister cameron and the french president. and i inc. you will make all to his counterparts throughout the week. thatit comes to processes go to these questions, a presupposes a course of action that has not been decided upon. >> [inaudible] differently this is a country with a different form of government grade >> but the fact he is in a position to take this that on thursday -- >> nothing has been decided. as i said in response to your first question. we are in direct contact with prime minister cameron and his government and the president has spoken with the prime minister and other foreign leaders and those consultations will continue and we share the views

of the british government about the appalling nature of the transgression that occurred in syria and are consulting with the british and other allies and partners about the appropriate response. firm in sayingy just now that the syrian regime was in fact responsible for these chemical attacks. in that context, what is the purpose of this report? is it to legitimize and get rid of any remaining doubt and legitimize the response in the eyes of the international community? >> i'm not aware of any doubt that exist. if you think bashar al-assad seriously on these matters, you might have some doubt trade but there is no evidence to suggest he has any credibility when it comes to his statements about the use of chemical weapons and. . chemical weapons in syria. the immediate aftermath of this heinous attack demonstrates his

lack of credibility. we believe a careful review of the facts lead to the conclusion the regime is behind this. , it's undeniable chemical weapons were used on a large scale. we know the regime maintains custody of chemical weapons in syria. it uses the types of rockets used to deliver chemical weapons on august 21. the opposition does not. we also know the opposition doesn't have the capabilities the syrian regime has. earlier, wetioned have an assessment by the intelligence community with a high degree of confidence the on an regime has used smaller scale chemical weapons in this conflict already. anyestions that there is doubt about who is responsible for this are as preposterous as suggestions that the attack -- diddid not occur area

not occur. >> secretary hagel said yesterday that any actions would be taken in consort with the international community and within the framework of legal justification. is any legal justification lacking prior to any action by the united states and does the international community need any further convincing? >> i'm not going to make legal justifications for actions that have not been decided upon. he will provide ample context for the decision he makes. but prior to that, i'm not going to speculate about what that context will be. and announcement has not been made and a decision is pending as the president and his team review the options available to them. >> the united states yesterday postponed with russia talks in the hague and russia called it regrettable.

what is the united states trying thatmmunicate about syria it should expect a military response that should not stand in the way or object? what are we trying to communicate to russia? >> the meeting you mention has been postponed, not canceled. we are very engaged in the process of pursuing a political resolution to this conflict. we have stated that for a long time that there is no military solution available here. the way to bring about a better future in syria is through negotiation and a political resolution and it is our firm belief that bashar al-assad has long since forsaken any legitimacy he might have and syria's future must be one that is without assad in power. but that is a process that has to take place there negotiation and we will continue to engage in all the ways we have in an effort to bring about that

what we areon, but focused on this week obviously is the response to a specific violation of international norms. important -- i was asked about this yesterday -- i think it's important to look at what we are talking about when we are talking about international norms. the effort to deal with the scourge of chemical weapons has been undertaken at at international level since the mid-19th century and since the forcesworld war i when on both sides that conflict engaged in the horrific use of poison gas. weapons convention has more than 150 signatories and makes clear that the use and

proliferation of chemical weapons is a clear violation of international norms and it is absolutely in the national security interests of the united states and international communities that the use of the michael weapons we saw on august 21 cannot be ignored. it must be responded to. to allow it to happen without a response would be to invite further use of chemical weapons and to have that international standard dissolve and the consequences of that given the volatility of the region and the concerns this nation and many others have about proliferation of chemical weapons would be very serious indeed. to say therent were wargames going on here, but you are saying there will be a response but the president has not made a decision yet.

is it safe to say the syrian government will pay the price for what has happened? >> there must be a response. secretary kerry made that clear and i echoed a year yesterday and i'm echoing it today. response. be a we cannot allow this kind of violation of an international mormon with all the attendant grave consequences it represents to go unanswered. what form that responsible take is what the president is assessing now with his team. does the president want to take out assad and would his atth be a welcome outcome this white house? >> i appreciate the question but i want to make clear the options we are considering are not about regime change. responding to a clear violation of an international standard that prohibits the use of chemical weapons.

we are also very much engaged in an effort to support the opposition in its struggle with the assad regime as they continue to try to massacre their own people in an effort to maintain power. that our firm conviction syria's future cannot include assad in power. the actions we are contemplating are not about regime change. earlier,e, as i said the resolution of this conflict has to come through political negotiations settlements. blood ands so much treasure spilled in afghanistan and iraq. if some sort of military action will be taken, the president will be talking about that. how much should the american in terms oft and

sacrifices being made inside the armed forces and what is being put together and will we run up against the debt ceiling sooner than expected? >> all excellent questions, most of them assuming a decision has been made and i'm not going to sort of speculate about a decision that has not been made yet. questions we will take once the president has announced the course of action he has chosen. what i can tell you is the president has made clear he doesn't envision a situation in syria that would lead to u.s. dudes on the ground and that remains the case. i have also tried to make clear -- >> [inaudible] >> i'm trying to see that. speaking, thaty

applies to the syrian conflict and a responses contemplated here with regards to the use of chemical weapons. just so i'm clear, the white house has decided there must be a response grade does that mean there must be a military response or are there other things possible on the agenda? could it be further sanctions or economic in any way or is this a military response you are talking about? >> we have made clear for a long time, notwithstanding our views about the fact we don't in vision u.s. who told the ground in syria, we retain in the president retains all options andlable to him in syria that includes military options and that is the case here in response to this transgression.

but a decision about the use of military force has not been made. the president is reviewing his options and obviously his options are many and they include a variety of possibilities that are not limited to the use of force. >> one thing i wanted to ask you about -- you say the reason why the united states is coming to the decision that the syrian government is responsible for this attack because they have the rockets to deliver and yet there is no evidence -- are we sure there is no evidence they have lost any control of any stockpiles of chemical weapons? is there evidence a chemical depot has been overrun by al qaeda forces or other rebels in a country? do we know? >> we have a high degree of confidence based on our assessment that the syrian regime has maintained full control of it chemical weapons

stockpiles throughout this conflict. it is our conviction that the syrian regime has the rocket capability that was to devastating effect in this chemical weapons attack. it is abundantly obvious to those who have covered this conflict and who are covering it last week, to the international organizations on the ground that the syrian regime was engaged in an effort to clear these regions forces with violent force prior to the use of chemical weapons. in the immediate goal -- in the immediate aftermath of use of chemical weapons, or vented the u.n. inspections team from going into establish weapons had been used, as they continue to bombard the neighborhood. they continue to do it yesterday after the u.n. inspection team, finally after being attacked, was able to make it to one area they needed to visit. after they left, they continued to bombard the area, which is

clear they are trying to dispose of evidence grade >> -- as those of evidence. to punish theis syrian government for using chemical weapons, and discourage them from using them again, there are those who argue the way to do that is to take out and have regime change. what is the argument against that from the white house? earlier, the do not being considered contain within them a regime change focus. that is not what we are on completing. we are examining options to respond to this violation. yesterday,to say this is a terrible conflict that has exacted a terrific price on the syrian people in the region.

it is ongoing and we have stepped up our support for the syrian people and the country's dealing with the refugee crisis. the use of chemical weapons that we saw is a separate and distinct fact that needs to be responded to. responded to in some form because the president believes, and many of our allies and partners believe, and as i stated earlier and i understated the number of nation to participated in the chemical weapons convention, it's 189 representing about 98% of the global population, all have a stake in ensuring that international norm is maintained and respected. so a clear violation, a fragrant violation -- a flagrant violation of has resulted in mass death, the killing of

innocent women and children has to be responded to. that, but mynd question is what is the response as to -- if the way to do this is to prevent it from happening again is to take out the guy from doing it, what is the reason why the white house doesn't want to do that? >> it is not our policy position to respond to this through regime change. we will take an appropriate response and we are evaluating, the president and his team are evaluating the options available to them. the president will make an assessment and an announcement in due time. we also maintain a policy with regard to the conflict that has as providing significant support to the opposition and the syrian people that is designed to help bring about a transition in syria, a political transition that will allow syria the future

peoplehe future its deserve. tois not our responsibility respond to this transgression with regime change. for the united nations to arbitrate this -- >> the united states has an interest in the sand and inspection team. they have made clear the mandate is to establish whether or not chemical weapons were used. that has undeniably been established. the are not assigning responsibility -- the work of that team is redundant because it is clearly established already that chemical weapons have been used. we are engaged in international confrontations and we have not decided upon what course of action the united states will take.

therefore it is premature to the means context and of moving forward once a decision has been made. once we have something to announce, we will provide the notext around it. >> it's necessarily required from the president's point of view that the security council be the ones to suggest a violation has occurred and therefore something must be done? >> i don't think there is any doubt and i don't see anybody contradicting it that chemical weapons were used on a serious measure in syria. beyond that, we will have more to say once a decision has been made about the response that will be taken. roughly speaking, it's important to note that it is in the clear national security interest of useunited states that they and proliferation of chemical weapons on the scale not go

unanswered. the consequences of a dissolution of that norm would be profoundly not in the interest of the united states or the international community or this highly volatile region and around the world. >> you just mentioned the volatility of the region. there might be a response directed at israel. israel has said it will respond forcefully to anything that comes from syria. among the risks involved in this , how concerned is the president and the white house about this not becoming just a serious problem but a wider regional problem is there is a military response that has a coalition not just of the united states -- >> i'm not going to speculate about decisions that have not been made and we will have more to say when an announcement is forthcoming. i would note the syrian conflict has already had profound

negative consequences to other countries in the region. i would note also when we talk about the instability and volatility of the region that of theorders and ally united states and turkey and a close friend and ally and both of those have felt significant consequences as a result of this conflict and have a great deal at stake when we talk about the use and liberation of chemical weapons. i am not going to go down the road of making justifications for actions that have not been decided upon. i urge you to wait until we have an announcement to wait. >> not to seek regime change and ave something described singular and responsible to chemical weapons and in shorter duration of all likelihood to avoid spillover effects that might occur if there was a more sustained military campaign? are hypotheticals we can engage in about decisions that have not been made and they

are all substantive and interesting. ,ut before we go down that road i want to make clear the president is engaged in a process of reviewing his options to the response of an undeniable use of chemical weapons and our conviction those weapons were used by the regime. i would point to you -- i would point you to the statement today by the arab league which was very forceful as well as by prime minister cameron and others. lee wasesswoman barbara the only member of congress to vote against the war in afghanistan trade she says she agrees that chemical weapons there is not that military solution in syria and says congress needs to have a full debate before the u.s. commits to any use of force. do you disagree? >> i think i made sure that we completely agree there was no military solution to the conflict in syria. there has to be a political transition them we had to be engaged in a process with many countries to help bring about

that transition. , he continues to brutally assaulted his own people and we have step up assistance to the military opposition as we help the opposition unify. >> [inaudible] engaging in what we believe our responsibility is, which is to consult with congress. >> not consult, but authorize force. >> again, you are asking me to speculate about courses of action -- >> this decision has to happen before military forces used. >> you are talking about courses of action -- >> why not have a debate in congress? >> you are asking me about what congress should do if the president makes a certain decision. and what i have made clear repeatedly is that the president

is reviewing his options with his national security team. we have never taken military force off the table and we will not now in response to this flagrant violation of international norms. when we have an announcement to make, we will survive all the --essary one question was in the context of a run, does the president have the constitutional authority to bomb iran without seeking the use of force authorization. president obama said "the president does not have the power under the constitution to authorize a military attack in a situation that does not involve an actual or imminent threat to the nation." >> absolutely, but you are trying to get me to engage in a discussion about it decision that has -- >> [inaudible]

now it's not about hypotheticals. we are in days or hours of the president making a decision, correct? thet is correct that president is working with his security team to respond to the clear violation of an international norms by the ofian regime with the use chemical weapons against civilians. it is clearly in the united states national security interest that norm be maintained because the consequences of that standard dissolving our enormous and touch her mental to the interest of the united states and the to mental to the international community and partners in the region and the world at large grade -- the world at large. actualidate obama set an or imminent threat to the nation. do you believe that exists?

>> i believe absolutely allowing the use of chemical weapons on a significant gale -- on a significant scale to take place without a response would present a significant challenge or threat to the united states's national security. >> not just our allies in the region, but the united states? >> let me be clear on the role to conduct a- credible inquiry into what has happened, does that mean they will play a role in president obama [inaudible] the inspectionof team is to establish whether or not chemical weapons were used. established in controversy overly and undeniably. -- in controversially and undeniably.

the syrian regime has made an assertion to the contrary. >> [inaudible] >> again, there is the issue of were chemical weapons used question mark that as with the united nations inspection team is mandated to discover. since it has already been they need to fulfill their mandate. i want to be clear as i was yesterday that this administration has been a strong proponent of the u.n. inspection and having provided all the necessary access to establish whether or not chemical weapons have been used and a thought has blocked that completely. even in this case, where they said in the initial aftermath that they welcome and inspection access for five

days. as they bombarded the neighborhoods to try to eliminate the evidence of chemical weapons. the credibility of the regime here is close to zero. the use of chemical weapons on a significant scale is undeniable. the mandate has been fulfilled in many ways grade >> president obama could make a decision -- ini'm not going to engage hypotheticals about when decisions are going to be made, when courses of action may be simply say aswill secretary kerry said that the violation is undeniable and it's our firm conviction that the assad regime is responsible. conclusiontates that from the hard facts, the president is working with his

national security team to respond astions to well as consulting with international allies and members of congress. >> want to get your reaction from what john mccain said -- this should surprise no one, they have used that not as a redline but as a green light. what is your reaction? >> as i said yesterday, would we established with a high degree of confidence that the regime had used chemical weapons on a small scale, we didn't respond and we stepped up our assistance to -- attack --rent larger >> and there will be a response to this not apparent attack but undeniable large-scale attack and that is what is under deliberation at this time. >> at the beginning of the briefing, use that you had very little doubt that the regime was

responsible for this area -- for this. are you 100% sure the assad regime is responsible? with any no evidence alternative scenario. usedegime has already typical weapons of this conflict against its own people i small scale. it has maintained full control of the stockpiles of chemical weapons in syria. it has the rockets and rocket capability that was employed in this dog weapons attack. and it was engaged in an assault against these neighborhoods prior to the use of chemical weapons and in the aftermath. you would have to be credulous entertain and

alternative scenario. it could only be fanciful. we are consulting with members of congress. the intelligence community is working on an assessment and we will have conclusions that can be provided to the public available this week. notenk it is important to thatit is clear already chemical weapons were used on a large scale. and the assad regime is the only possible force that could have deployed them. there has to be a response to that clear violation of international norms area >> when ae president is facing

situation like the deliberations he's currently having in response to serious, [inaudible] speculate want to about courses of action that have not been decided upon. >> in general, what is the president of the less often -- how does he view his role and the white house toss role in terms of what he's obligated to do? >> we feel generally it is essential to consult with leaders of congress and that's what we are doing in a manner like this, even as we engage in a process of evaluating the options available to us and that is why we are doing what we are doing and that is why as you have seen reported, had discussions with members of congress and leaders of committees and leaders of the congress at large. >> following the inevitable response, whatever it will be,

what steps is the u.s. prepared to take to secure the chemical weapons stockpiles? the chemical weapons in syria has long been a significant concern of the united states and our allies and partners and will continue to be a significant concern. as i said earlier, we have confidence that the syrian regime has maintained control of the chemical weapons in syria. they have also used the chemical weapons under their control in syria against innocent syrians. on several occasions on a small scale and now on august 21, on a large scale trade that is a repugnant fact. decked,an't are anything beyond the fact that this remains a concern to the proliferation the -- of weapons of mass

destruction is of concern to the united states and the president has made it a very high priority counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. >> you have disputed the resident has boots him aground in syria and you've outlined the concerns about threats to the neighbors there. short of boot him the ground, what could the u.s. do to make sure the stockpiles are secure? >> we have made clear throughout the conflict that our views about the disposition of and use of chemical weapons in syria, that is what we are discussing now. the violation is clear and it has to be responded to in order to establish around the world weaponsmical convention, 98% of the population has signed onto, it has to be respected. the consequences of not respecting it are significant,

grave and threaten the national security of the united states as well as the international community. predict, as this conflict continues, what course of action the regime might take with it stockpiles of chemical weapons. what i can tell you is the use of those weapons are proliferation of those weapons responded tor view because of the gravity of that transgression. roger? >> whatever decision is made and whenever it is made, will the president seek u.n. approval or some sort of backing? -- i cannot regulate about >> i cannot speculate until the president has decided on a course of action. there will be a response, but it depends on the course of action he decides to take. >> is he leaving the door open

for that? >> i suppose he can say that but i'm not going to speculate about a course of action that has not been decided upon. does it make sense for the president to consult with g 20 leaders in person next week before deciding? >> the president believes this is a grave transgression. and it merits a response. he will obviously take the time necessary to evaluate the options available to him in deciding on what is the appropriate response by the united states in consultation with our allies and partners, in consultation with leaders in and when he has decided on a course of action, he will obviously inform the public about it. i would not put a timetable on it.

attendingent will be the g 20 summit, but that is a fixed date and we are in the process of evaluating options in response to this transgression this week. assad said earlier that had a strategic purpose in using these weapons. putting aside the goal of regime change which you said is not yours right now, do we have a strategic role that all in developing this response? is it to change the dynamic on the ground in any way? >> it is our view that the use of chemical weapons on the scale we have seen now on august 21 in syria merits a response. and it has to be clear there is a consequence to that clear violation of international norms. clearal here is to make that this is unacceptable, that

it is a redline that has been crossed and a red red line that was established by 198 nations, 98% of the world populations. to allow it to happen without a response would be to give a green light to the assad regime and other users of chemical weapons that there will be no consequences to the use of chemical weapons. that is profoundly not any our partners, the region or the world. >> is that the goal or are you trying to send a message? >> i'm not sure the distinction you're making. we are evaluating options to respond to this clear violation of an international norm. >> is the goal to have an impact on the conflict? lex i think we made clear yesterday we are engaged in a long-term policy of supporting the opposition in its struggles

against the brutal war being waged upon it by the assad regime. we are not evaluating this as a , as part of an effort to matter in separate our view because it's a transgression of international norm. today,id multiple times it is our view the ongoing conflict has to be resolved in a political transition, not a military solution. >> one of the reasons you are supporting the rebels is to get the regime to come to the table, to achieve a negotiated outcome. >> many nations throughout the world support the opposition in its effort to withstand the brutal assault assad has been

waging. ultimately, there has to be a political process that creates a transition necessary for the political future. >> you are about to spend hundreds of annoyance of dollars on this response but if it doesn't have a strategic purpose -- >> the purpose is to make clear the violation of an international mormon that has been agreed to by an overwhelming majority of the nations of this world cannot go without a response. consequences would be damaging to national security interest and nations around the world. it would do great harm to an already extremely volatile region of the world area >> is there any message in your response to iran? >> our view is the use and the

of chemical weapons, weapons of mass destruction, has to be responded to. and i think that has to be made clear to any potential user of these kinds of weapons. >> the president on thursday passed one country another without a u.n. mandate, when he said u.n. mandate, what did he mean? >> i don't want to engage in speculation about what decision -- in answer to the question, the president has long said he will absolutely take action when he views the national security interest of the united states is at stake. >> is it possible to have a u.n. mandate without a security council resolution? again, conceptually, it's

related to the question at hand. we will not look at that until they president has decided which option he wants to embrace. [indiscernible] the answer is iran because they have involved themselves in the world -- in the war in syria. [indiscernible] iniran has been involved supporting the assad regime for a long time in this conflict. andave made clear that fact what it says about who assad's runs are. -- friends are. what we are addressing now has

to do with the use of chemical weapons needs to be responded to. context of the decision-making process under way. you are 50time, as years out from celebrating nonviolence, the president is looking at strong options against syria. cleare president has made ever since he launched his campaign for president that as commander-in-chief, he will take actions necessary to defend the united states, the national security of the united states, the american people at home and he gave aa i think memorable speech about it, about his views on this matter in copenhagen in 2009.

i think you have seen throughout his presidency his commitment to ending wars as he has demonstrated by withdrawing from iraq. he views that in our national security interest. to winding down the war in afghanistan, which is happening now. but he's also demonstrated a commitment and conviction that when national security interest of the united states are at stake, he will take action. statement.road i'm not presupposing in answer to any of these questions a course of action. when the president has an announcement, he will make great >> what do you say to those loud voices we heard in some of the most recent wars. people who don't want strikes? what do you say to them?

lex i don't want to go down the road of answering questions that presupposes the president has decided on a course of action. he is a value waiting options available to him. there are a variety of options available to him. -- he is in options available to him. >> there could be boots on the ground or military in the air -- >> again, this speculation about the options that are available to him, he is evaluating those options now. >> is the goal potentially to punish the assad regime and set an example for violating the international norms, how do you do that is without weakening the regime and in sort of the de facto way, turning the tide of the civil war? >> i'm saying that the decision

to respond to the use of chemical lessons and the options under consideration as a response to that clear violation have to do with use of chemical weapons. we have a policy of support for the opposition in syria. we have a policy of significant humanitarian support for the syrian people and refugees in other countries, and that will continue. and the stinkr violation of international norms and it's our view, as kerry kerry made clear yesterday, that we must respond to it. kerry made clear yesterday. >> [inaudible] actionsre presupposing that have not been decided upon and you are talking about degrading military capacity that has not been decided upon. >> can i ask a nonserious question?

>> the last one. >> the president is meeting with mayors this afternoon about how to curb gun violence. is there a particular reason that is on the plan gets old for this week? and can you tell us if there is some specific piece of legislation? >> the president remains committed to taking the action that we can in the wake of congress'and the senate's regrettable failure to pass commonsense legislation to improve our background check we can to take steps reduce gun violence in the united states. withresident put forward the vice president a -- aehensive broach comprehensive approach of legislative actions that need to be taken and executive actions.

we continue to work on those issues and engage with stakeholders from the country, including mayors on this issue because it is of grave concern to them as it is to this administration. >> [inaudible] i'm not going to read on a meeting that hasn't happened, but we continue to engage in the effort to do everything we can to reduce gun violence in the united states against the clear ,ajority will of the country states that are not normally considered blue or even purple, the senate chose to block common sense legislation that would have improved the background check system necessary everyone should be in place so people who do not have guns can obtain them. this remains an issue the president and administration are

concerned about. >> will you release the list of mayors? lex i'm not sure -- >> >> i'm not sure. meetings, meetings. we will see. thank you. >> closing out this reefing with jay carney repeating his comments on syria -- there's no doubt chemical weapons were used on a mass scale in syria and the assad's government's actions are clear violation of international norms. he repeated any action against the serious regime would not have the goal of removing the syrian president. he also stated president obama has been in consultation with congress on the issue and members of congress have been seeking the support from their colleagues in a letter to the president, asking him to reconvene congress to discuss a response to the chemical attacks area this entire briefing is available on our website for viewing at any time.

go to www.c-span.org. homeland security secretary, janet napolitano, gave her her will speak at the press club. in her final words, she had some advice for her replacement. >> the best place for me to end my remarks today is by giving him or her some advice. a kind of open letter to my successor. in this letter, i will tell the new secretary that you will confront everything i have discussed today -- the evolving threat of terrorism, devastating national disasters -- natural disasters, and the need for order security and enforcement. you will need to forge strong relationships with our partners, including congress, to make sure dhs has the resources it needs to meet our responsibilities to the american people. you will need to continue our work to move to a more risk- based, intelligence-driven security system as we have done

at our airports with programs like tsa three check and global entry, which expedite known travelers through security and customs. you will need to support science and technology research, building on the more than $2.2 billion we have invested over the past four and half years to strengthen chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear security measures. need to continue to recapitalize the coast guard so it can meet its ever-growing mission. you will need to continue to ensure the security of key government leaders and events of national significance. andy you will face new challenges that we have begun to address but that need further attention. our country will, for example, at some point face a major cyber event that will have a serious effect on our lives, our economy, and the everyday functioning of our society.

have built systems, protections, and a framework to identify attacks and intrusions, share information with the private sector and across the government, and develop plans and capabilities to mitigate the damage, more must be done and must be done quickly. you will also have to prepare for the increasing likelihood of moral weather-related events of a more severe nature as a result of climate change. and continue to build the capacity to respond to potential disasters in far-flung regions of the country that could occur at the same time. and you must continue to integrate the department, what i 3.0 and lead it into its next stage of development and operations through challenging fiscal times, including the ongoing impact of the sequester. you will need a large bottle of that bill. advil.rge bottle of

[applause] some have said being secretary of dhs is the most thankless job in washington. that is not true. it is no doubt a very complex job and it is literally a 24/seven job area but as my successor will learn, it's one of the most rewarding jobs there is. what you do here matters to the lives of people all across our great nation. your decisions affect them in direct, tangible ways. you make sure their families are safe from terrorist threats, that their local first responders have equipment and training and funding, that when disaster strikes, people who have lost everything are given food and shelter and hope. notthe thanks for that is owned by any single individual or cabinet member, but the

240,000 dhs employees, many of them work in tough conditions around the clock to accomplish our shared and noble mission, and that includes some who have made the ultimate sacrifice for our country. secretary napolitano, earlier today. you can see her entire remarks later today on c-span or any time online at www.c-span.org. she will be leaving her post to be the president of the president of california university system. tomorrow marks the 50th anniversary of the march on washington promoting equality for african americans. throughout the week, c-span has brought you events commemorating the anniversary. we will continue this afternoon --h the watch on marchant in march on washington used mentoring summit. at three: 15in

eastern. also live tonight at 8:00, the cal report hosts a panel features -- featuring john lewis and cbs news anchor gwen eiffel exploring the role of the press in the civil rights debate and lessons learned and how they can be applied in the digital age. all of our coverage will culminate tomorrow in the rally on the national mall. we will hear from president obama the steps of the lincoln , where martin luther king jr. delivered his i have a dream speech 50 years ago today. we'll have live coverage, including comments from bill clinton and jimmy carter. [captioning performed by national captioning institute] dick cheney and his daughter liz spoke on a range of issues. this is from earlier this summer.

this is one hour and 20 minutes. >> well, we are delighted to be here tonight. i have watched the development of the organization of bill and tony thompson. probably would not have gotten elected to congress in 1978 if they'll and tony had not helped me get cheyenne. you may or may not agree with the outcome, but it was all liberal. it has been a privilege to have the opportunity to spend time with my daughter. as i finished up my time in the white house, i decided to write

a book, and it is nice to have your oldest child interested in your old war stories. i notice she has the book in her lap. i have no idea what is planned. i am not sure where this is going. what it is all good, all good. i'm delighted to be here tonight and have the opportunity to spend the time with all of you, and with that, i will introduce my daughter, liz cheney, who is seeking political office, but this is not a political event, all right? not working. >> is there a way to turn off their? all right. i am guessing we will have the opportunity --

[no audio] hello? >> move the mike up. >> it's ringing. >> talk into it. >> thank you. i think the nsa is not operating these microphones, clearly. or maybe barack obama is. that is a good point. it is wonderful to be here tonight, wonderful to be here with the steamboat institute. it is long past time that the aspen institute got a dose of truth and reality and facts. we are thrilled to be part of that effort here tonight.

we thought we would do a couple of things, talk about current events, but the most important current event in our lives, in our family, has been the fact that my dad was blessed, we were all blessed because my dad was the recipient of a new heart a little over a year ago. and his story -- he talks about his campaign for office when he was elected, and 1978, when he was running the first time, was also the first time he had a heart attack. i have been going back for reasons you can imagine, looking at old clippings for political campaigns in wyoming, and came across one where my dad was asked about his heart attack in 1978, after he had the attack and decided he was wanting to stay in the race. he was interviewed, and the porter said to him, are you concerned that having had ahet r

ability to get elected? he said, no, nobody has ever tried the heart attack shtick before. i wanted to talk about his book called "heart," and it talks about his challenge in dealing with and overcoming heart disease. i want to start tonight as the you to talk about that, you are this most famous cardiac patient in the country and maybe in the world, and you accomplished great things while you doubt with the challenge of heart disease. a be you could talk about how you dealt with it and in particular, what i think is

interesting is the mental attitude you always had about the disease and not letting it pull you back. >> well, thank you liz. most of you know i dealt with a few heart problems along the way, in the midst of my career, and after i finally obtained a heart transplant 16 months ago, my cardiologist came to me, john reiner, and he suggested that there was a book that he and i might do together. if you look back at the historical record, between 1968 and 2008 we reduced the incidence of death by her disease by 60% in this country. the fact that i am here tonight

, th i survived, through that time, and he described at one point to me as the only heart patient he still had a live who had a heart attack back in the 1970's. we had the experience a couple years ago, what happened was i had lived and dealt with this in its various forms from 1978, through congress, vice president, and so forth. then i went into end stage heart failure after i left the white house. they worked on me one night and put in a pump to supplement my heart. that got me through the transplant 16 months ago, and it is nothing short of a miracle. it is an interesting story, the way john told her, and i got a phone call one day for the transplant from the cleveland clinic, and they were going to put on a conference on innovation in cardiology and

care of heart disease, and they said, we have all the suppliers, makers of the device, so forth, we have a lot of the docs coming, but we decided we needed patient. somebody said, let's get cheney. up to that point i have not had a transplant yet. this gave us the idea that you can tell the story of that 40- year miracle, really, of what has happened with respect to our ability to deal with heart disease in this entry through my story and my case history. and most of the things that saved my life over the last 35, 40 years were not even around when i had the first heart attack in 1978. the treatment then is what dwight eisenhower got 23 years before in 1955 when he had a heart attack in colorado. so what we do with jonathan reiner writing as the physician, i write as the patient, and we

tell the story of all those developments, including the historical background to where stents and deferred relators come from, and transplant surgery, the whole body of technology and development of medicine of cholesterol-lowering drugs, etc. we tell that story to my case. also lay it against the background against mic, and public service. i was uniquely blessed in many respects. obviously you can never express enough ready to for a donor or the donor's family. you can not talk about what i went through and how i survived it without talking about liz and her sister mary and their mother, my wife, lynn, with whom i will celebrate my 49th wedding anniversary next week.

when you go through everything we went through as a family and the only way to go through it is as a family, if at all possible. i wake up every morning with a big smile on my face thankful for a new day i never expected to see. the book is bought by simon & schuster. it is called "heart: an american medical odyssey." it is not political. it has a thing to do with politics. i suppose you could say all of my critics who said i never had a heart may want to have that

proposition challenged now, that i have proof that i do have, but it has been an important part of my life. you do not talk about it when it is going on. evil were not interested in me as vice president, secretary of defense, if i had a bad heart. they wanted somebody to do the job. because of the great support that i had from my family, from friends all over america who prayed for me, and who were there when i need support and help, made it possible for me to live a very full and active and otherwise normal life in spite of the fact that for regarding five years i was a cardiac patient, you had everything done to him that you could do to a heart patient. i am grateful to be here tonight, grateful for all of the support that the people have provided over the years, including many in this room tonight, and grateful to be here with my daughter and my first child and hopefully my -- that remains to be seen. i will leave it at that.

>> you are supposed to tell a story. >> oh, yes. she has the script. she never gives me the script. liz has got five of our grandchildren. kate is the oldest, the sophomore down at colorado college starting this fall, but the youngest is my namesake, richard, and after i had the transplant, the rule is you cannot sit in the front seat of the car because they do not want you to get hit with an airbag, hard on the plumbing, and instead of sitting in the backseat with might grandson richard, and he said, did you get a new heart, grandpa? i said, yes, i did. he started asking questions.

i did the best i did to explain the process and so forth, and how it all came about. he listened very carefully for about five or 10 minutes and the nature he said, yeah, i had one of those when i swallowed the quarter. my other favorite richard story he was in kindergarten, came home from school one day, and he told his mom, he said, mom, tomorrow i have to stand up in front of the whole class and tell what is special about me, why i am special. she said, what are you going to say? he said, i have two choices. i could say my grandpa was vice president of the united states. she said, yes, that is a good answer. what is the other one? he said, i could tell them i got my cat at the dump. and you can guess which one he used.

>> i will now tell a richard story. this was not in the script. the other thing in our lives -- obviously, caring for my dad has brought the family together. we are a family very much, politics has brought us together, and the chance to campaign together as a family when my sister and i were young and we traveled wyoming with my mom and dad and grandparents, it brought us together and gave us a chance as kids to see how democracy works, to understand how important that process is, and it is a process that i am now going to go through with my own kids. people have asked me, you have five kids. how is it that you are able to run for office with five kids?

what of the things i know for sure is the exposure that i had, the chance i had as a little girl to see what democracy looks like was an invaluable lesson for me. it is a lesson that i am really honored now to be able to share with my own kids. and so, the latest event we did together was the wyoming state fair parade in douglas, wyoming, last weekend. we had my kids and my cousin's kids, so we had a gaggle of kids walking into parade with baskets full of candy. my campaign manager decided that it would be important for the prayed again or us to brief the kids, because when you're out there tossing candy, it can get dangerous. she brought them all together and she said, now we will talk about the roles of being in a parade, the rules of throwing candy in a parade. rule number one, and my older son raises hand, said, do not

check the candy heart. she said, that is right, that is an important rule. what is rule number two? one of my cousin's little girl said, do not throw it in faces. my manager said that is right, do not throw that faces. she said rule number three, and richard raised his hand, and he said, no farting. that is a good life lesson. in addition to the life lessons that you learn in a campaign, we want to talk about current affairs and about what is happening and about the concerns i know that steamboat institute has and about the concerns that people across this nation have about the direction of the country.

and we are not here to do a political event, but it is very much -- those are concerns that made me decide to run for office this time around. i believe that we are living very clearly at this moment through a critical point in our nation's history. you can look back at other nations and at our own, in other times, and see when it was that countries came to a fork in the road, when they came to a turning point. you can think about winston churchill and his election as prime minister in britain in 1940. the extent to which people around him said you got to seek terms with adolph hitler, that if you do not surrender, you will be destroyed. he refused, he refused to capitulate.

he knew the odds were against him, but he saved civilization and freedom by doing that. you can look at margaret thatcher when she was able in 1979 to safer country from the ravages of socialism. she said i'm going to turn this nation around, against all odds. in our own nation, ronald reagan provided that same example of a president who came to office and who saved us from the malaise of the jimmy carter era. i think many times in history when you look back, you have the ability to see those moments. you do not always know them when you're living through them. we know right now as we sit here tonight that we are living through one of those moments, and it is a moment that we have all -- we have got to make a decision -- what are we going to do?

are we going to let this president to his country down a path which could lead to instruction, or are we going to stand and fight and defend our freedom? and i know that you think of this like i do, when you think of it in terms of the blessing that we have, this nation that we live in, the legacy that we have inherited, the unbelievable miracle of our fan think, when for the first time in the history of the world, the founding fathers said this nation will have its people be the sovereign. it never happened before. and it is an unbelievable

blessing that we get to live in a nation where we are free and where men and women have died for our right to be free. but that fact imposes an incredible obligation and duty on every single person in this room, every single american across this country, and that is a duty to defend that freedom and to defend that freedom against both external enemies, against terrorism, against threats to our national security, but also to defend it against presidents like this radical man in the oval office today who believes that the government is the answer to every problem, does not believe we are an exceptional nation, who is that we ought to control at least 1/6 of our economy who said that the private sector is the enemy. i think we have the opportunity today, the opportunity over the next year, frankly, to be in a position where we send a very strong message to washington and that is a message that we are not going on to get along anymore, we are not content with business as usual, we are taking back our freedom, taking back

our values, and we are going to fight to defend what every one of us knows this country was built on. and before i get the mike back to my dad, do not lose hope. it can be really easy, particularly if you listen to the mainstream media, to think that somehow conservatives are a minority, that we are powerless, to think that we ought to just be discouraged about 2012 and give up the fight and sit down and be quiet. if you start to lose hope, think about this -- the president of the united states used the irs, i've used the power of his office, to go after political opponents, conservatives, republicans, members of the tea party. he had the irs people asking what people said in their prayers. that is un-american. it tells you something about our

power. the president would not bother the to use the irs to go out after us if he was not afraid of every single one of us. wherever you live, you have the opportunity to cast a vote, work for an important cause, to work for an important organization, dedicate yourselves over the course of the next year to making sure that 2014 will be critical for us, critical for taking back the nation, and it is going to be a moment when everybody around the country can hear especially from those of us in the rocky mountain west, that we are not going to stand for it one minute longer. one of the questions i get a lot and then i will ask my dad,

because i would like to hear his view, the media in particular likes to talk about how the republican party is in disarray. we are facing these huge challenges, but we have got this abuse going on inside our party. i would like to hear you talk of about the introspective's on it, as somebody who has obviously participated in politics and policy for a long time and who has seen our party and the democratic party does through times of change. i would be interested to hear your thoughts on where the party is today and what we have got to do to take back the white house in 2016. >> after the -- obviously i was not happy about the outcome in 2008, but president bush and i

have had our eight years, we had worn out our welcome in some quarters, although we are looking better and better every day. it was easy after -- not easy, but it happens to a lot of people, to be down after the 2008 election, and we lost, but then we went through -- i can remember that morning on january 20 of 2009, when we swore in the new president, there is a certain ritual that goes with that that i have always been fascinated by. there have been five republican presidents since eisenhower. i have worked with four of them. i worked with a fifth as part of the congressional leadership. i have been intrigued why that transfer of power. i can remember when president ford lost in 1976. one of my jobs as chief of staff

was to read his cap concession statement over the telephone to jimmy carter, because president ford had lost his voice. he had been working so hard in this closing weeks of the campaign, his voice was gone. all he could do was a bear whisperer. he called me into the oval office. we drafted a telegram, and then he told me to get governor carter on the phone, which i did. he introduced me and then i had to read that statement. that was a real armor. that was about as low as you could get when i think about my political career. as i look back over it now and

think about it, those particular days, but a lot of my experience is that out of adversity rises opportunity. i think back to that time when we lost the 1976 election, on the heels of watergate, nixon had been forced to resign, and a lot of things you should be pretty grim about, but with the perspective of a little time and history, we had to go through that jimmy carter period to get to ronald reagan. that morning when i read that telegram, at was for me the beginning of what became the reagan revolution, when we were all reaganites, when we got behind governor reagan and i think did some tremendous work, took back the senate that day and put a man in the white house who believed in all of those things we all believe in, in the creed, if you will, of your

institute. i tend now when i look at what is going on out there, and there is an awful lot that i do not like about what is going on -- i will say a word or two about it in a minute -- but i look forward to the next election and all the elections coming up as it is not going to be easy, nobody will hand it to us, we will have to earn it one vote at a time, we would have to raise money, recruit candidates, build the organization, and put forth a program that the american people will believe in and will support, and it is our right as americans to go do that and right to go change the government. that is by golly what we are going to do. there is a lot of concern, i hear a lot of discussion and debate these days that is focused a lot on domestic affairs, for good and legitimate reasons. but i am perhaps even more concerned were at least as concerned about what is going on internationally as i am about

what barack obama and his administration are doing domestically. why do i say that? one of the most memorable days of my life was 9/11 when after the planes struck the world trade center in new york, i was in my west wing office, working with my speech writer, and some of the staff gathered around when word came down that there had been an attack in new york and shortly after that the war to my office burst open, one of my secret service agents came in, he was sitting down in a chair, and he said, sir, we are leaving now. he did not ask. he did not say if it was ok with me. he grabbed my about with one hand and propelled me out the door and down the stairs, headed for the emergency operation bunker underneath the white house.

he got part way down there, got into a tunnel, and he told me the reason they had effectuated me was because there was a hijacked aircraft that have been reported by dulles, headed towards crown. that was american flight 77 that went into the pentagon. what emerged out of that whole day obviously was not a terrorist act, it was not a law enforcement problem, it was not a matter of us sending out the fbi to go find the bad guy, bringing to trial, and lock him up, it was an act of war. it was worse than pearl harbor. killed more americans than pearl harbor did, took place in the heart of new york city and washington.

if it not been for those brave passengers, they would've taken out the white house or the capitol building in flight 93. it is as bad as it gets. one of the key decisions we made in the bush administration, and we made it basically that night and the next morning after the day was over with, the president was back and address the country. lynn and i were evacuated off the south lawn of the white house and flown up to camp david, and we wanted to make sure that the president and i were not in the same location because we want to preserve the continuity of government. we were careful not to get into a situation where an attack would take us both out. i got enough there'd you watch the reruns on television on what had happened that day. people did all over the country, i am sure. we began to think about what did

we have to do now, how do we make sure that never happens again and we get the guys at his to us? the key decision was to say that was an act of war, because then we were justified in marshaling all of our resources, including our military manpower, capabilities, using all the powers of the president under article as commander in chief. that is what we did. during the course of that, we put in place at the terrorist surveillance program that is now referred to as the nsa program, basically, what it did was it allowed us, and i am confident of the program we put in place and we have not been involved in the classified stuff -- but the program we put in place saved as general alexander has said at nsa must stop over 50 attacks on the united states and our friends overseas over the course of the last 10 or 12 years. we put in place the and enhanced interrogation program, waterboarding. some people so that was torture. i do not believe it was torture. ksm may have felt it was torture.

the fact was that the enhanced interrogation program was signed off by the justice department using techniques we used on our and people in training, it was not torture, it was a good program that allowed us to develop the intelligence we needed to keep america safe for 7 1/2 years. and it worked. the record speaks for itself. the cia put out a classified report in 2004. ksm was subjected to enhanced interrogation. a report was published, classified by the cia, and it has been declassified, although it still has parts read acted.

the headline is "khalid sheik mohammed preeminent source on al qaeda." that is the place where we learned most of the intelligence we had, at least in the mid part of our time there, about what al qaeda was about, about where they were base, how they were funded, where the training camps were. on 9/11 we did not know that. we knew osama bin laden was back, but that was the extent of our knowledge. the way we kept the country safe was get that intelligence and according to the agency itself, the way we did that was by subjecting him -- because he was subjected more than anybody else to enhanced interrogation techniques.

this administration does not get it. they do not. obama made a speech here not too long ago to the national defense university in may and basically said ok, now we are returning back to the pre-9/11 days. we are not at war anymore. we are going back to pre-9/11. we will go try to round up the guys when they blow up. we are no longer on a war footing, if you will, in terms of thinking about the state we're in. i think that is dead wrong. it is an absolute total misreading of where we find ourselves today. as i look at that part of the world am a north africa, a good part of the middle east, not just afghanistan, where they launched 9/11 from, but also yemen and the major struggle underway in egypt, the muslim brotherhood taken power there, the group having spawned all those other radical groups,

egyptian jihad, and out of that has come most of the major islamist terrorist organizations. they are out there. look at benghazi in libya, and all across the middle east, clearly in other areas such as pakistan, iran we see obviously significant delegates of radical islamist belief and action and activity. they have a much larger geographic base from which to operate now that they can use as safe harbors than they ever had on 9/11.

we have got major problems with respect to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. nobody likes to hear that. that is a dirty word after we went into iraq because of our concern of weapons of massstrac. thatas a litimate concern. saddam hussein twice had nuclear programs underway. in 1991 we took it out in desert storm. he preserved the technology to get started up all over again. when we took down centcom, we shut down the iraqi nuclear threat. when we shut down the iraqi nuclear threat, muammar gaddafi surrender all of his stuff. he had centrifuges, he had a weapons design, a chinese nuclear weapons design, all that stuff now resides in the united states. gaddafi did not want to have happen to him what happened to saddam hussein. in the end he got worse. when we went after gaddafi, we went after khan. he went into the black market operation himself and was selling nuclear weapons technology to the libyans. they were his best customer a. to the iraqis, north koreans, and we shut down khan's black market operation. we took out three major sources of proliferation.

that in and of itself is reason enough for what we did to saddam hussein in iraq. the threat has not gone away. you may remember it was discovered in the spring of 2007 that a few months after new earth korea set off their first nuclear test that the north koreans had built a nuclear reactor a couple of producing plutonium in the eastern syrian desert. serious a mess today. imagine what would have happened if the israelis had not taken out that nuclear reactor. we also found from khan that pakistani officials were bribed for the latest technology for and reaching uranium. we know from a scientist who has seen it that the north koreans

now have 2000 centrifuges operating to produce enhanced uranium. the nuclear program is better now than it has ever been. they have already proven to be first class proliferators. this administration in the midst of all that that is going on claims there is no problem. we got bin laden. there is no terrorist threat in benghazi. that turned out to be frankly a blatant lie. they are still covering it up. you look at their recognition of the threat out there. it is basically nonexistent. in the midst of the week that obama went to israel and met with netanyahu and they talked

about the uranium, the nuclear threat from iran, thereafter they announced they were cutting their naval aircraft are your battle groups in the persian gulf down to one. do not cross that red line, and at the same time pulled a carrier out, the truman was scheduled to deploy to replace it, and it is still tied up at the dock in norfork. they're cutting the defense budget by huge amounts. one of the great things we had with ronald reagan was a man who understood what was needed in terms of our national security capabilities, build it, and the first call i made after desert storm was over with was to ronald reagan in california, and thank him, and what i said was mr. president, i want to thank

you for all the $600 toilet seats you bought. he said, him a darn it, it did not cost $600. then he got the joke. our capacity to win in desert storm was in those part due to the decisions he made 10 years before about our military capabilities. think for a minute now, the massive cuts underway, sequester of the budget, we have trouble keeping pilot in the air force because they do not get to fly anymore. oftentimes squadrons have just been grounded. we have a lot of them now who are not and they are leaving. but we are doing by the actions of the administration, in some cases, the in action, we are crippling the capabilities that a future president will have 10, 15, 20 years from now to deal with the next crisis. that is how long it can take to

build up all of the military forces. it is not like letting a highway contract and somebody is pouring concrete. it takes years to get a first- rate top-notch nco in the marine corps and the other services. to develop the technologies we need, to build tanks and provide for the training and proficiency that our troops demonstrated so tremendously in desert storm. that capability is not going to be there after barack obama gets through his eight years in the white house. one of our major priorities has to be to recognize the threats that still exist that does not matter that what he sells, they are still covering up benghazi, they do not want to admit there is a major threat out there and he could care less about the quality and the state of our military capabilities. i think not only are there a lot of very good reasons to be concerned about where he wants to take the country

domestically, with obamacare and so forth, and abuses like the irs, but i am deeply, deeply worried about what kind of national security posture we will have, how good our word will be around the word, our capacity to do with threats, and if you cannot even mount a rescue operation from an hour away from benghazi, and four of our people are being killed by al qaeda terrorists in libya, what does that say for the next time we have a big problem to deal with and hundreds of thousands of lives at stake? i think the biggest threat we face is the threat of terrorists armed with something deadlier than airline tickets and box cutters, and we have to be able to defeat that threat. i am sure i have gone on longer than i was supposed to. >> i have a question. i want to go back to the nsa program. he said something important, which is you could vouch for the

program that was underway when you were in office. but obviously not the into the program now, it is a different situation. i think everybody in this room would agree barack obama is no dick cheney. when you have a president who has shown himself to have such a complete the search are for the rule of law, who has shown himself willing to use the irs to go after political enemies, who has shown himself willing to completely disregard the constitution, to decide i am not going to implement the employer mandate because it is inconvenient for me even though it is the law, who has shown himself frankly completely

irresponsible when it comes to protecting americans' privacy, you have a lot of americans out there now, and in light of a lot of news stories we are seeing, that say the nsa made a mistake and they listen to phone calls or washington, d.c., because it has a 202 area code which is similar to the country code for egypt. there is a lot of concern out there, and when you think about the threats that still exists and the fact that we have got to be able to defend ourselves both from the threat that the president is posing to our freedoms the mystically, also from terrorists internationally, what do you do in a situation were you a have a commander in chief who has put an important program at risk, in my view, who may well be undertaking a real abuse of power. if he is willing to do it in areas we can see, what makes you confident he is not doing it in areas that we do not see? >> you get yourself a new commander in chief. >> i have some ideas about that. >> no question this is a difficult subject matter, and i

know there are a lot of americans, some good friends of mine, who are concerned about the nsa. part of the difficulty is -- and i plead with people, do not conflate the nsa with the irs -- those are totally different problems, totally different issues -- i believe there is ample evidence for the irs that it has abused its power, that the power and authority of the iris has been used, misused to go after the opponents of the administration. no question in my mind. and in my mind it ought to be -- we ought to investigate it, subpoena whoever we have to subpoena, bring them to trial, and make certain that we build the safeguards that can be used again. but it would be a terrible mistake because the irs has been abused by barack obama and his people we would therefore turn and say we are going to get rid of the nsa program because it might be abused by this president. but there are not really good examples out there of how the

nsa program has been abused. you do not have the kind of evidence there that you got with respect to the irs, or you have old who had been interrogated by the irs about their political beliefs, and keith alexander, the commander of the national security agency, four star now, he is one of the finest officers i have ever known, as is also true for people like -- now i forgot his name. >> allen? >> before him. i am thinking of mike mcconnell. mike mcconnell was a navy captain on my watch when i was secretary of defense, on the joint staff. i got him promoted to three stars.

he ran the nsa on my watch when i was at defense. mike hayden, in charge before alexander, and then went on over to run the cia. those are three gentlemen, all of whom commanded the national security agency at one time or another on my watch. i served on the intelligence committee, worked with them him a they all worked with me when i was secretary of defense. the secretary of defense controls the bigger part of the intelligence community that does the cia director. i know how hard they work to put together a good program and a program that would allow us to collect intelligence, while at the same time we safeguarded civil liberties of the american people. i am the one that took the

request in to the president after i met with the c.i.a. director, the director of the nsa shortly after 9/11 and said that the experts tell me we could do more, we can learn a lot more, we could understand better the threat if we can get additional authority. and that is in fact what the president did. what are the caveats, and he had to review it every 30 days and reauthorize it, or it was going to stop. in terms of the congress knowing about it, well, i used to brief the committee's, the chairman and ranking members of the committees on the status of the program. we once had a meeting in the situation room which included the speaker of the house, majority, minority leaders of the house, majority, minority leaders of the senate, the chairman and ranking embers of the intelligence committees of both houses. nancy pelosi was in the group.

i had been sit down, and the question that was, do we need to get more authorization for this program? this was in 2004. i had been briefed. general hayden there was that day, showed what we have learned, what we have accomplished, and i went around the room, saying, does anyone leave we terminate >> does anyone believe we should terminate the program? no one. they were unanimous. absolutely not. you bring it back to the congress, italy, and you will tell the bad guys how we are reading their mail. that was the situation we were there. i know keith alexander is now in

command of the nsa. i have not been involved in classified meetings since i left four years ago. i am confident with men like general alexander involved, and given the professionals in the intelligence community i have never seen a situation where they violated for political purposes the way has happened with the irs, the authority they have. i do not know how obama deals with that. i know how we dealt with it. we were screwed us in making sure that that i our is never a group used. every once in a while, a big organization, there were problems that cropped up, but there are safeguards built into it. we have the fisa courts, the foreign intelligence surveillance act courts, that they have to sign off on these programs. before you can dig into any of those records, in terms of reading content, for example, you have to have the authorization from fisa. i know everybody is concerned

about it. i understand the concerns. the last thing i would want to recommend is, well, obama might abuse the nsa authority and therefore we ought to shut it down. last possible thing we ought to do. these are good folks, doing the best they can to safeguard the nation, and i like keith alexander covering my back anytime. >> well -- we can move on off of this, but i think again, if you look back and you talk about abuse, you guys were also scrupulously careful not to have the head of the irs in the white house. he may have been there once. we know the president had him in something like 72 times. and i think there is a real question about in a democracy, under threat, you have programs you put in place to defend the

nation. then you end up with a commander in chief who seems not to care about defending the nation, the constitution, the rule of law, americans' privacy, and it gives rise to concerns. i think you have to talk about there has got to be a place between saying that you are going to trust him implicitly, because we trusted you guys and you had the programs, and we will throw the program out. and i guess that would be my final question on this. don't you think there is a legitimate question the merit people should be asking, and you can't say that program is classified to you cannot talk about it. but when you begin to see the kinds of things we are seeing about the program, those of us

who know we have got to defend against attacks from the outside, at the end of the day, that comes directly into barack obama's lap. it seems to me you have to say this is a president who has put us at risk because of his unwillingness to exercise the kind of care and concern for the constitution that you guys did. >> so what is your solution? >> a new commander in chief. >> yeah, exactly. i understand the concern everybody has. i am as much of a small government guy as you are going to find. but i believe very strongly for a strong national defense. i served over four years on the house intelligence committee. i have been heavily involved in the intelligence business a good part of my career. and i know how dangerous a world we live in, how difficult it is oftentimes to collect the

intelligence we need to make sure we get it right, and it is not a perfect business. it just is not. it is very hard. after the secrets that are being kept by the worst regimes are the ones more than anything else they want to protect. sometimes the intelligence community makes mistakes. but as a general proposition, i would argue that for the most part, what we have done with our intelligence community, especially since the 9/11 period, has been by the book, well managed, not perfect, nobody is perfect, but they do have in place for procedures to make corrections. the last thing i want to do is be in a position to say now we need to shut it down or we need to significantly limit their capacity and their capability, so we will be confident they are not abusing their authority. and we will only reduce their capabilities by 10% or 15%.

which 10% or 15% of the next attack are you willing to accept? there was a book written about me called "the 1% solution," because we have to be 100% successful. host businesses, most line of works, if you get a success rate of 80% or 90%, that is pretty good. when you are defending against the potential attack against one get a success rate of 80% or 90%, that is pretty good. when you are defending against the potential attack against one of our major cities by terrorists armed with a nuclear weapon, are you willing to accept 99%? i am not. you have to do everything you can to stop whatever might

conceivably be coming out you, and that means you have to be aggressive with the military, you have to be overseas and be actively engaged to make sure that people with technology did not provided with the people to use it against us. it means we have to work doubly hard at home to make certain that we can indeed defend against that next attack. and as i am saying, based on my own experience, both with respect to our success and respect to our success after 9/11, as well as our military forces, to prevent the next attack, i think nsa is a well- run program, an important program. we have a president that concerns us for a lot of reasons but i would not throw the baby out with the bathwater.

i would not say just because we have a president who we do not think is up to the job or does not have the same concerns and cares about the constitution that we all do, that we therefore ought to minimize the capabilities of our defense capability, our defense forces. and our intelligence forces to protect the nation. i think we got at the wrong way around. we got to beat him at the next election. we got to get him out of office. and we got to a people that we can trust and have confidence in. it is a tough problem.i do not .

i despise what he has done with the irs, and what has happened in benghazi. but we should not -- i know so many of our intelligence professionals. they put their lives on the line day after day after day for all of us. and we were successful at stopping all further attacks against the united states during those 7 1/2 years, and, boy, i would do everything to support them, because they deserve it. >> i am glad to see you have not gone squishy. >> ok. >> he will take a couple questions from the audience. before, i wanted to end by talking about our men and women in uniform. when my dad's memoirs came out, we spent time gather around the country talking about his life and talking about his career. and when i would ask you the question of what was your job that you treasure most, or valued most, i know secretary of defense was normally the answer. and the time you got to spend with our men and women in

uniform. and i know one of the reasons submitted people are concerned about the budget cuts and about what is happening in the defense department, because of what it is due to the military. you mentioned earlier what it is doing to our readiness, that we are hollowing out the force, but also what is doing to our veterans, and what we owe to those veterans and put their lives on the line and they come home, and the extent to which the kind of budget cuts we are seeing may well mean, that we are not taking care of them the way we should be. there is a story you tell in the book and it is a prayer that i wanted to see if you would end our session with and i cannot tell where this prayer comes from, and read this section. >> well, toward the end of my time as vice president, lynn and liz and i were invited to a

special occasion. i spent a lot of time when i was at defense and vice president with our guys in special operations forces. a group of them have developed over time a social get-together, and it is all done -- it is not classified, but it is not done out in public. public. they get together and honor one youher.at the dinner where have a lot of guys that had devoted several years to the efforts in afghanistan and iraq, many participated.

a young chaplain was asked to deliver the invocation. he happened to be from wyoming. this is the heart of what he said. we are soldiers of god, agents of correction. may our world see the power of a. may our nation of the strength of selfless service. it may our enemies continue to .aste the inescapable force that says it all. >> i think there are questions somewhere.

>> the question is, i think was directed to you, liz. correct you go first. >> the question is what what i put as the next commander-in- chief? >> i have not said anybody yet. should undergo a generational change in terms of leadership. i do not think -- [applause] i do not think we are likely to see somebody who has been regenerate ae past

new successful campaign. there comes a time when your moment has passed. mine has, i am 72 years old and i have had a great career. i want to see some whales come along and take over. there are some promising folks out there. obviously, i have favorites in that generation. pardon? no. good i lot ofple you know them. like kevin mccarthy, from bakersfield californian. how many of you know kevin? he has my old job.

he is not that well known at this point of a but in terms of making the trains run on time, he has a key job. florida,rco rubio from people i've gotten to know well. i am trying to remember the name of the governor of new mexico. susana martinez. theved her speech at convention when she said she was 18 years old and her daddy owned a security firm and he gave her a colt 45 and part her out in front of the bingo parlor. that had a certain appeal. [laughter] folks comingve along in the next generation. we have a lot of governors out there that have a lot to offer. they are actually out there

doing it, making the tough decisions, found the budgets, cutting the taxes. a -- not at all pessimistic. i think moving up the convention is a good thing to do. need 23 debates or however many it was. we end up meeting up on each other to the point where all we have done is create lines for the democrats use against us. a good stuff right fine, i believe it. we need to have an orderly process. we also need to do a better job than we have before in the party mechanism. there were things appeal follow- up crowd did -- those were things that the obama crowd did

better than us. in 2008,t it and used and they kept it going until 2012. it is still cranking away out there tonight. able to take advantage of all the modern technology to identify our votes and get into the polls and we need to be better organized than the democrats are. there are a lot of things that will enhance our chances. in terms of picking next president, i am not ready to do that yet. i think we will see a lot more potential contenders, but i also think we will see a lot of people come to the forefront and that is healthy for our party. as long as we ended soon enough that it does not becoming death march for whoever we nominate. >> i want to add two things. what you said about the next generation at the commander-in-chief level.

hillary,inking about because she is the last generation. >> and she blew benghazi. [applause] >> and she lied to the american people about it. a callwant to put out for adam putnam. governor of florida, and he is a young person in our party to watch. i think we clearly have the ability, where we sit today about to defeat barack obama in 2016, and we have application to do so for the sake of the nation. [applause] in case you might think you

might not give us a mistake, this particular question might change her mind. it is a composite of several questions that were sent out. despite how we got here, the places we are in in the middle iran,ith egypt, syria, seen as intractable as any of us have ever seen. side, on the political does it concern you with some people who lean towards the partyarian side of the that questions what to do with countries like this might be off and end up being horrendous in the future? >> those are key questions. partly, it is important to

distinguish in different areas. there are common themes ancillaries that run through them. i look at what is going on egypt today, and i have been supporting the military. should -- mike. with the addition military going back to 1990 was time to get organized and deal with some today -- deal with saddam hussein, they are a pretty professional force. i think they got involved in the morsi regime because there had been an upwelling of support from the egyptian people. they're in fact were petition circulated that could be signed , andby egyptian voters --y got far more additions

they got far more signatures than all of the ballots cast in the previous election. the regime responded to that. i think there is a majority view among egyptian people that they do not want egyptian -- egypt to become an islamist state like iran. i think we ought to preserve our relationships with the egyptian military. i think it is a lot like turkey back in the 1920s. that arab rots turkey into the that brought turkey into the modern era. what ultimately will arise from that is free elections and another shot at democracy. one not dominated by the muslim brotherhood.

overall of the situation with respect to syria, it is a huge mess. it is almost like whoever wins we are going to have problem's. if there ever was a time to interview to shape the situation it was some years past. right now today, we are in terrible straits about what they are also in a situation where you have to be concerned about who is going to inherit the chemical weapons they obviously possess. earlier we said think of this they do not have any nukes -- thank goodness they do not have any nukes. but it is a worrying situation. politically if some of the people who have a

isolationdency toward take care of themselves? >> i understand that impatient to say heck with them, is their problem, let them solve it. decided back in 1941 that that did not work as a basic policy. a lot of people leave in the 1930s that the united states should not get involved overseas. it was a legitimate debate, and people believed that. rest./11 put that to i do not say -- see any you could look at the threat about the potential for another attack, and say what happens is none of our concern. the 9/11 terrorists trained in afghanistan. trades where the nuclear

is taking place. you have north korea among you have the pakistanis, the developed black market, dealing with the libyans. that stuff is spreading, it is going to continue to spread, and we can to stop it. we have 19 guys who come into airplaned states with tickets and box cutters and do what they did to us on 9/11, how can you ignore what is going on over there? you can't. you have to be repaired to work with the support of governments -- supportive governments. but for the united states, the day is long past when we are saying we will hunker down behind our oceans. that is a pipe dream that was over decades ago.

>> and you want to say anything about the political situation? out that whatoint we're seeing across the middle ast today is a large part, result of american foreign- policy attempting to turn back on our allies. -- ourg that arafat enemies do not fear us anymore. if you want to understand what happens when america leaves a vacuum in the world, you have no look -- further to look than syria. the rise of al qaeda across the middle east again today. the historical record is very clear that a strong america is one of the best guarantors of peace in the world. president who has really attempted to weaken us, who has attempted to bring us down a notch, who does not

believe that america should lead the world, you see the vacuum created like the one we have in the middle east today. vacuum like that, when america turns its back, are filled by those who wish us ill. filled by those who, in the case of syria, are using chemical weapons against their own people on one side of the fight, and on the other side you have al qaeda on the rise. dangerous whenre america is weak and walks away, and that is a clear lesson that you can see today just by turning on the television. [applause] more political question. realized, we saw this in the last election than any other time, that as republicans we are painted as the rich white guys. unfortunately, some of the people that we have had in the

front make that an easy case to make. but, it is not true. we need to find a way to get around that and present ourselves as more populous, what other things would either view -- of you recommend that we can change this persona that most of the electorate seems to have of us? >> since you are a rich white guy, maybe i will answer this question. [laughter] [applause] >> cheap shot. >> i think it is an important question. i think that -- i do not have anything against rich white guys obviously. i love a number of them. is i think as a party, that

how the mainstream media wants to portray us. dot we have to be able to depends on who is speaking out front for the party. that is very important. i do not want to see our party falling into the trap of classifying people by the color of their skin, by their income gender, level, by their i think that is what the democrats do. we have to be the party of ideals. [applause] the party thate knows what it stands for. i do not want to see us trying to be all things to all people. ronald reagan made very clear that a political party to stand for something. to have a tentpt that is so big that nobody knows what we believe in. we have to be able to articulate our beliefs. sayo be safe -- able to that we believe in the free

enterprise system. we believe in it not only because it makes people wealthy, we believe in it because it has raised more people out of poverty than any other system devised by man in the history of the world. that is why we believe in free enterprise. we are the people of opportunity. we know that the american dream can be real again. it is not going to be real if every single young person falls under the spell of rock obama and the democrats who are attempting to say, let us give you help from cradle to grave. as a mother of five kids, it is amazing for me sometimes to stop and think about the fact that none of them would know what the soviet union was if i was not telling them. there is a history that seems recent to many of us, but to kids today, they did not live through the fall of communism. they did not live through watching nations try to control

every aspect of their citizens all apart and crumble. we know what happens. you can see it today across europe. policies this president is trying to advocate. we have to say there is an incredible future for all of us. there is an economic renaissance possible if we have the kinds of policies that will allow us to get access to energy resources. the ones we have here in the united states. if we had a president really committed to energy independence , we would have economic growth you could not even imagine. [applause] across the board, talking to people, explaining to them, young people in particular, you want the government out of your life. you want to get back to the point where the government is best that governs least and is closest to the people.

the more the government tries to giving you things, give you benefits, tell you that they can run your life, tell you they can make your life easier, it is a pipe dream, and it is going to end up badly for all of us. we have as republicans, and as conservatives, is the truth. the truth is on our side, and the facts are on our side. andave to be unafraid unabashed about standing up for what we believe in and making the case to the american people. if we do it clearly and with conviction, and with pride, we will win the day. [applause] >> thank you very much very much, and thank you both for being here. [applause]

>> we are going live to an event hosted by the national alliance for faith and justice. it is part of our weeklong coverage celebrating the 50th anniversary of the march on washington. two of the little rock nine students will be speaking. we have started a little later than expected. as part of our weeklong coverage of events, he will moderate the of the world of press and the civil rights movement. ambassador and groom -- , and ther andrew young first woman hired as an editor at the washington post will be here on c-span tonight.

tomorrow, we will continue our coverage of the 50th anniversary presidenthes by obama, president clinton, and president carter. the discussion from this morning's washington journal will be aired. joining us is professor stephen. we will spend the last 40 minutes of this program talking about visible concerns in the city of troy. define for us what exactly is eminent domain? >> it is a pleasure to be back on washington journal. it is the power of government to take private property. , kings very old power exercised hundreds of years ago.

rose,lly, the customer and people had to be compensated when their poverty was taken. states have the power, and interestingly the fifth constitutionthe does not give the federal assume at power to sovereign power. 10 -- were those amendments to the constitution based on the abuse of powers in the colonies? >> you had the third amendment prohibited -- prohibiting the quartering of troops. interestingly enough, the king

of england did not abuse the eminent domain power, so this argument was brought in because james madison thought it was important to do. is part of the decision by the supreme court in what is called the k case. the case was in the city connecticutof taking private properties. lived on a very nice property, and the state of connecticut decided they would

take all of those robberies and use them to put up stores and hotels, and restaurants to couple met the pharmaceutical company that had build a research company next door. kelo case,before the everyone understood that government could take private property for public use. it meant one of three things. the first was the direct use by the government for some sort of government facility. the second reason was for use by the government public works, like a road. the third reason was used by a regular did utility -- regulated electric byh as an eline. -- pip

case said was that the government took a smattering of old cases and announced that the government could also claim general pickupnd omic growth. lineswe want to open the to our viewers. democrats the number is (202) 737-0001. is (202) 737-s it 0002, and four in dependence it is (202) 628-0205. kelo case played into an

intimate, how does the collapse of the housing market also play into that? the idea there is that the government would contend mortgages -- condemn mortgages, and then a sickly readjust the amount of the mortgage to the basically readjust layout of the mortgage to the homeowner to the value of the home rather than the higher values that the original mortgage was at. the idea is that a private company, mortgage resolution partners, had come up with a scheme or by they would .nitially fund this

local governments would condemn mortgages. they would give the orders of those mortgages was called just compensation. would issue new mortgages to the homeowners at a much lower amount. the goal is to keep people from losing their homes, and keep the economy of these communities without creating a lot of vacant real estate. the mortgage industry is fighting this. of richmond,y california, here's the article in the washington times -- they say the city looks to seize and ease home loans. are working with the

pay the bank $150,000. home iss are saying the worth more than that. guest: more than that, many of these loans, the majority of these loans, vocus on one's on which borrowers are in their payments. if the borrower is making their payment, as far as the lender is concerned, there is no loss at all. in california, and in some other states, there is the so- called one action rule. if the lender goes against the property and foreclose on the low, the lender cannot then turn around and sue the bar or deficiency. the borrowerd -- is not liable for deficiency in court, there are people who will

claim their loans, and who have the money to do that and assume it may go up in value again. meanwhile, they are getting a stain on their credit rating. that $300,000 loan which is in good standing is only worth $150,000, that is problematic. russ is first up on our republican line. caller: good morning. that case in new london, i live not far from there. , theyt me if i'm wrong took that land almost 10 years ago, and they never did anything with the land. any businessest or hotels, or motels or anything like that. is that true? guest: you're absolutely

right. the city condemned as many of those houses as they could. ght it theythey bou convicted the tenants. they were going to have this great new area to problem it that pfizer center. you'renomy turned, and absolutely correct, nothing was done. it is vacant right now. host: we have john on our republican line. agree with mr. eagle and his vision. constitutionally, the article three is at stake. congress has exceeded its boundaries and is exerting willy-nilly. this is another example of an out-of-control supreme court

that is taking active into the extreme and crushing small americans. the goodel that behavior clause might be prosecuted kerman only -- criminally? guest: i do not think there is that sort of latitude even two judges in interpreting the constitution. justicey the five majority was able to point to some isolated cases dating back to the 19th century where justices were allowed to use the land to further the interests of other private companies that were in the public interest. i think this is an undue extension of the law. it is certainly enough within the boundaries that it is not and an egregious violation.

host: the case is pretty high profile. but we do not seem like we see a lot of property cases come up. we do not hear a lot about property cases in the federal courts and the state courts to are there a lot of property cases concerning eminent domain in local courts? are lots ofthere eminent domain cases and local courts. abilitythem involve the of government to take the land rather than to file the competition the government will receive -- the owner will receive. is in courttime, it over the amount of compensation. that is a really important issue , because even if what the city is doing is constitutional -- and i personally believe that the kelo decision sets such a

, you have the question of whether the the owners of these mortgages will indeed get just conversation. it is much more difficult than the city of richmond and its supporters let on. comment about a the kelo case. wasn't there a polish whereorhood in detroit, there were old churches, and wasn't that entire neighborhood --zed under and it donated eminent domain for general motors? are you familiar with that case? 70's,k it was in the late possibly the early 80's. etown, an old polish

neighborhood. guest: you are absolutely right. the city of detroit condemned this entire thriving ethnic neighborhood to build the gm cadillac assembly plant. it was not built for many years later. this is a much more interesting and complex situation than the facts we have talked about show. because, basically, people said it was done for general motors, but the fact is the city of detroit was able to get large federal grants for urban revitalization, and then introduce general motors to build in that old neighborhood. they preferred to

build on a new green site outside of town. general motors did not benefit from the situation as much as the city of detroit did getting the federal money. host: how long they take for them to finally build that plant? guest: six or seven years after the law on. let me respond to the collar. -- caller. developing -- involving the redevelopment of port inropolitan air detroit, they adopted the exact opposite view as the decision in poll town. good morning to adam on

the democrats line. caller: good morning. the federal acquisition regulations, 9.2, 9.5, the conflicts of the government licuiring problem -- pubn property through any eminent domain power or money, can you explain why those actions are needed? >> bounds are needed in eminent because -- domain just the federal government and the state governments can overreach. big if, and this is a just compensation is given, just compensation is defined by the supreme court as only fair market value. owners who live in a home, or run a business are not eager to sell their business

immediately simply because someone is offering them the current rate for that home. people have their own subjective values, the place where their family has lived, the place where there customers are used to coming into. they have customized their homes, their businesses, i have to relocate -- they have to relocate. they will have to pay money to set up new connections with his this is an professionals. for most people, just compensation does not do them in the place where they were before. it is important to limit eminent domain in cases where it is really called for. a type wouldn't that be of servitude unto the people, not just the property? guest: can you explain that further? title 18.c for ing in someone

voluntary action that would also intoct the people servitude and just defending the action? contestf someone does condemnation. if they get the amount they can receive in just conversation -- compensation that is one thing. domain takesminent away the land without the owner's consent. land and the precise location needed for a fort, or in a narrow valley where the transcontinental highway easily built him a they are in a position to hold the government up.

that it is prevent necessary to take land away without the owner's consent. says, the constitution that should only be done in narrow and pacific cases. compensation?just who pays that? the companyally, that takes the land will pay it. not be contested because they do not think they can win. if they are contested, the court sides with the jury. host: rosalie, on our republican line. caller: thanks. london -- new l ondon.

i am still out right by the taking of the land. living near the water, as everyone knows, is always more valuable, and increases a valuable -- and now you every year. perhaps they were thinking in 20 years that the land would have increased, and they could put in for retirement. the fair market value at the that new london took that robbie is not anywhere near what it is going to be worth in 20 years what those people who used to own it could have gotten for retirement. nothing has been done with that property, it is still just sitting there. host: stephen? guest: in theory, just

conversation should take into than current value, would a good appraiser will come up with by looking at the future loses of the land -- uses of the land. it is going to be valuable later, it should be much more valuable now. it is a subjective value of pleading -- of people planning their retirement, that is lost. i would like to ask this caller something we all want to think about, the visor farcical company was the largest employer in the city of in auger, michigan. ann arbor. they relocated, because they needed more land.

biggest jobs creator. there was an issue about a pipeline where the companies have eminent domain. gashuge supply of natural allows them to generate more money for the chemical manufacturers. there is so much demand for these byproducts and should be raising questions about how many pipelines are needed, and whether the conversion of existing pipelines could lead electrical utilities short of natural gas. unfortunately, kentucky has no legal recourse. >> washington journal is live every morning at 7 a.m. eastern. to the youth mentoring

anniversarye 50th of the march on washington. this is just the underway. >> it sets into motion our session this afternoon. >> how do you spell greatness? ♪ >> we all know about famous men with goals.

>> less well known, is the hundreds of civilians who died. helpedacrifice desegregate the united states navy. riveter, a symbol of gender equality. >> she changed american society forever. >> frederick douglass once said it is easier to build great children than to repair broken man. the trials and triumphs of those who sat at the lunch counters in birmingham in 1963. who rent the formation of the student nonviolent committee. ofthose who cap the dream freedom alive for countless slaves who traveled on the

underground railroad freedom. >> equality for all. manlike not in your mother -- men like dr. martin luther king jr. lived and died for it. or service to, -- selflessness or service to the community. all have great lives within us to discover. quick i want to be great. >> i want to be great. >> how do you spell greatness? ♪ [applause]

>> good afternoon everyone. to started -- get started with our program this afternoon. reverseefly, we will the order and put the powerpoint up very quickly. before i introduce the panel, i do want to share with you a few thoughts on greatness. we are fortunate this afternoon a number of impressive speakers who shared their -- with you their experiences. ofant to frame this panel impressive people who sit before you. the thing i want to press upon you is that you are the giants, but you must learn from giants to be a giant. if you want to learn a vehicle,

you.ust have someone teach you must learn from others. empoweringut yourself, or assuming a role in the social justice movement, we want to focus on the fact that we have come a long way. this is a struggle that dates back to the civil war reconstruction. this image from the civil war embodies the problem that has beset america since 1865. 4.5 do you do with the million people who were slaves? do you achieve social justice for people of color? in 1855, frederick douglass was invited to the massachusetts antislavery society to give an address. the question that was posed to

him was this, what shall we do with the negro? douglas is going to give a speech and what she's is going to foreshadow the 100 years -- in which he will foreshadow the next 100 years of american history. answer from the beginning, do nothing with us. what you have done has artie played mischief with us. this is him foreshadowing american history. he said, all i ask is give him a chance to stand on his own legs. leave him alone. if you see him on his way to -- 1865, almost 100 years men and womenve who are before you were embroiled in brown versus board of education. if you see him going to the ballot box, let him alone, and to not disturb him.

douglas has outlined three of the major problems -- [applause] --that are the cornerstones of what i would like to call the six degrees of segregation. he was talking about housing, education, jim crow justice, and we are still battling to correct the problems he associated with housing, education, jim crow justice, i would say our struggle has not yet concluded. [applause] looking at we are the blueprint of our music and culture, look at stevie wonder. what he is talking about is a dialogue with robert douglas from 1855. -- 1865. his parents give him love and affection, but we can read

through the song and see that they are hobbled by lack of access to education, by poor housing, and ultimately we comes to new york city, trapped i jim crow justice. we would not be able to see those parallels in frederick douglass and in stevie wonder if those struggles were not real. there are also questions of human rights. legal?ok we have to understand how those struggles impact our own. historically,that this has been a problem that not only impact the african-american community, but in california was applied to a major americans -- asian-americans. it is an opportunity for us to appreciate what martin luther king says on each of the montgomery bus boycott. when he gives a speech to

empower them and keep them excited about staying off the buses in those communities. them, that speech says to because of the bus situation and montgomery, he says the situation is not at all new. existed over and this year. the negroes of montgomery and other areas have existed with the analysis of a crippling fear on buses in our community, on so many occasions they make raises -- the negroes have been humiliated and oppressed because they were just negro. i do not have time this evening to go into those situations. i will let you in on a little secret, he could have gone into those cases, because he knew them, but he did not have time.

these are cartoons from the 1860's. iny show african-americans philadelphia being assaulted in the railway cars. there shows a black woman being assaulted for having access to places of public accommodation. we talk about rosa parks, and i want to celebrate her. i would is only about a woman named elizabeth jennings who not in 1855, but in 1855 who was arrested for refusing to give up her seat. here's the great thing, i will read a few lines of our deposition for you. i held my hand to the driver, he stopped the car and i got a platform. when the conductor told us to wait for the next car, i told him i could not wait as i was in a hurry to go to -- he then told me the other car ad my people in it, and it

was designated for that purpose. i told him i had no people. i was in a hurry. young people wake up in the morning id say in the refuse to have my civil rights violated. i believe in human dignity, i believe in equality of men. we do that, greatness simply comes. anyone, they will tell you that. people don't know that, they just know that jackie robinson was segregated on a jim crow bus. where i want to end with you , is with the words of this

the author of a raisin in the sun. i'm to share this with you very quickly. walter, you would not understand, but her dad is going to make a business transaction. this could change all of our lives. when you're about to 17 years old i will pull up the car into the driveway. the gardeners will be coming away the hedges, and i will say hello jefferson, how are you this evening? we will meet you at the door, and we will kiss each other, and she will take my arm and go up to see you on the floor with the catalogs of all of the great schools in america and the world around you. your will say, sun, it is 17th birthday, what did you decide? whatever you want to be, wherever want to go, you can have it, and i will hinder the world -- hand you the world.

could be a play around anybody. the impression that negroes are people. if the ultimately that we desire the same deep things that other people want. is, freedom is not free. as you will hear from our panelists this afternoon, you have to be willing to make a commitment to do that. you, you need to embrace her greatness. -- your greatness. our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. is that we are powerful beyond our light not our darkness not that -- that most

frightens us. we ask ourselves, who i to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented? actually, who are you not to be? you are a child of god. notplaying small does change the world. we were all meant to shine as children do. we work or to make manifest the glory of god and it is not just in some of this, it is in everyone. as we let our light shine, we are conscious to give other people permission to do the same. as we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others. today, you're going to hear from four panelists who are going to share their own greatness with you. hopefully, you can bask in their light, and in the process, embrace your greatness. our first panelist is ernest green from little rock high school.

he is recognized for the role he played in desegregation of little rock high. the question we put for mr. green visibly this. as you look back over your journey as the eldest student of the little rock nine and your successful career in business, how would you define leadership? >> that is a question that as a 16-year-old in little rock, i always point out to my colleagues that i never thought 53 years after i graduated from high school, i was still be trying to get out of high school. but, there is no easy formula for leadership. us, we knew that we wanted to pursue the best education that little rock had to offer. we thought, as did most of

little rock, and most of arkansas, that it would be relatively -- and i use the word relatively easily among because we had integrated the medical school, we had these are good and the buses and the library quietly. there had been some other districts outside of little rock in northwest arkansas that had integrated right after the 1954 decision. when the governor decided to use us as his political ping-pong and call up the national guard's to bar our entrance, i told each of us that this is going to be more than us going to school. this is about some bigger issue than just my graduating or

getting out of the 10th grade. have toness -- and i relate part of a discussion we had back in the green room -- greatness is something that is rust upon you. you do not plan it. if you look around, people who try to pursue greatness, and planet, all on their face. say,you have to, i always know when the moment is coming. hopefully, be prepared. and thirdly, have some support. think it is i important. we had parents, and guardian, and close friends who do not think we were crazy. week, admire about this and i have attended the 90s

963eed three march, -- the 1 i will be there tomorrow as well. i will hear three presidents, one i work for, president and in my lifetime, you know, a kids a far reach from p know threeto say you living presidents, because when i was growing up, they were something on mount rushmore, i did not know that they were human. >> great. louder fornnot clap mr. green dan that? you, how were your experiences as a young

person at little rock -- what insight can you give to young people today? what sustains you in those moments when you felt you could not go on, and what advice could you offer young people as a result? i would have to say that the that we had for my parents -- from my parents is really what we were taught at home first. and what was reinforced by those ,lack teachers that we had along with the churches and the communities that we grew up in. they told us that we were -- we could do anything that we wanted to do, that we need to be in control of our lives and that education was the key to success . and we believed that. today.elieve it

and i think, fortunately, we i think had a good self-esteem because of that type of upbringing that we had. i knew who i was, ok? and i just did not -- unaffordable -- unfortunately, those who were terrorizing us, or bullying he today, all of it is the same, i knew that i was i was just as good as the next person. , not it was their problem mine. that they could not accept me. i knew i had a right to be there . that right was given to me by board of education and that supreme court decision. so it was a no-brain or for me to go to little rock central high school when i had the

opportunity to sign that sheet of paper. it was in access to a better education, not that my black teachers were poor teachers because they were great teachers, but they did not have the facilities to work as well did atwhite teachers little rock central high school. they had twice as many books in the library. the laboratories work great there. i like to tell the story that i really wanted to be a doctor, and i did not know that -- wanted to be one as well. in my biology class at dunbar junior high school, it was -- 10 over a poortanding little frog trying to dissect it, where over at little rock high school there were two people working over that frog. it was about having those kinds

of things. get to know who you are. be centered. defocused. understand that you can attain anything that you put your mind to. else get innyone your way. eventuallyeve that there would be a black president in the white house, but i did not think i would live to see it. what i have. so it is there for the taking, but it takes education. takes getting all of that information that you possibly go as high as you possibly can. the other piece that we were told that we grew up with is that they cannot take that away from you. they can take other things away from you, but they cannot take what you learn in the schools, in your classrooms.

and again, leave the twitter alone, leave facebook alone, go to google and put some names in there and start learning more about -- [applause] the people that have helped to build this country and helped to push this country in the right direction. i am saddened by the incarceration of our african- american men, and i can only think about -- and also about the black on black crime in our urban areas. ella can think about baker, who made that statement, until black man and black are really -- all

of a sudden i have forgotten the exact location, but, you know, theymothers' sons -- stand up and they get enraged when they are incarcerated. this is something that we need to be and raged about. about, otherwise freedom is not there for us. those are the sort of things that really bother me today, that we do not see how important it is to get all the education we can possibly get and move on from there. it will take you to hire her levels. the similarities that we have, though, i have noticed, i cannot , because it has stood out in my mind and was one of the reasons i went to little rock central high school. i was 11 or 12 years old when emmett till was murdered. i will never forget that.

and you will never forget trayvon martin. so those are the sorts of things that i -- [applause] martin,ing of trayvon chuck, you were part of a revolution. you interrupted your education to join the student nonviolent coordinating committee. can you talk about what drove peers to form the organization under the tool age ella baker?ge of the -- i have been writing my story, telling my story. this week, i

was here in 1963, and i was struck by the fact that there were so many signs about trayvon martin. moved by what happened with emmett till. notes ofng back at my other meetings, there was not a not moved by what happened with emmett till. and so i saw signs all along the way in the march about trayvon martin, and i kept saying i wonder if nine people or 10 people will get together to do something about it. they are thinking about it, and

carrying signs about it. it does very little. [applause] nless that is made real, unless the body of thought are made flesh. so we came together, as people from different parts of the country, and we were all around the same age when we heard about emmett till. we were all in high school, and it was one of the things that drove us. it drove us to join the first movement that was directly problems.th the

wherever we were. so we came out of one common interest, georgia, florida, mississippi, alabama, or wherever, ohio or michigan or -- thatn -- all of us was the common thing that bound us together. atas i walked down saturday eyes also many , wellabout trayvon martin how many of you were carrying signs about that are going to guytogether with the next carrying a sign or the next sister carrying a sign and say, what can we together do to help the cause and move us forward? sncc gotn essence how

created. we came out of a common reaction to injustice and the lack of freedom in our society. we had seen what carlotta and there were nine people who stuck together and done something back then. we watched that struggle. and it was like it is just mrs. till,at when emmitt till's mother, had encouraged to bring that body and had theago foresight to put that picture on the cover -- i mean, i have today the picture of emmett till's body when it appeared on

"jet," and i found out that everybody who later became my comrades had the same pictures and were moved by the same sort of thing. all of us -- and we all came from different parts of the --ntry, in different worlds but that particular murder had struck us because this was somebody our age, just as trayvon martin is somebody your age. and we realized to just speak about it or carry signs about it would not do it, would not do anything. there had to be something -- ok, we have a point that is bringing us together, and so we had to figure out what to do with this energy and this anger and this

concern -- how we can then put our passions to use. and out of that wanting to do something together -- remember, we all started in the sit-ins. that is one bit of defiance. and then we rose from citizens -- from sit-ins to developing an organization, and the student nonviolent coordinating committee. i remember coming back from the of theounding meeting student nonviolent core native committee, which was held at shaw university in raleigh, north carolina, easter weekend, 1960. and we decided we are going to do something. name. not have a we 15 people were going to do

something. to the student nonviolent coordinating committee. we came together because the governor of mississippi said this is what is going to happen when they integrate the schools. emmett till is just the first of that people's blood will flow in the streets. but we were prepared to do something about it. it was not just something you saw in "jet," got pissed off and held upjet" some signs. we would do something that would eventually solve that problem. we formed an organization and formed a plan about doing stuff. i remember we came back -- i i was ak from --

freshman at south carolina state college and came back to campus, and there was this old guy that said,o help us, and he goingou mean you all are to see yourselves changing white folks nonviolently? to rehabilitate white folks nonviolent? i said, yes, sir, we are. he said, son, how do you all expect to rehabilitate what eight never been -- what ain't never been bilitated? i said, yes, that is the real question, that is the real question. how will we rehabilitate what never been biliated?

the bible don't speak to them. the grand promises did not speak to them. how are we going to do with these devils? >> a testament to what you sncc is that in ,ou got governor wallace segregation today, segregation forever, how is that working out for him? round of applause to the marines of the civil rights movement, mcdew.rles edith, you demonstrate that civil rights is the good for the body because you look amazing. beautiful face. this should be a lesson for all of you young people. get involved in civil rights activity and you look beautiful for the rest of your life. amen to that? amen to that? you became the

symbol of use for that iconic picture taken from you at that march on washington. what is the message for young people today question mark - -? there is the image there. i told you she was beautiful. take a look. two questions -- what compelled you to march that they, and, secondly, what do young people draw inspiration from today, what should compel them to be in vault in the present moment? the reason i attended the march 50 years ago tomorrow is because my mother understood -- although we lived in the north, he came from detroit, chicken, which is where i live now, but she knew and i knew from reading different publications like " jet."

our black newspaper was then michiganhe mr. chronicle. broke our member vividly seeing the picture of mr. evers after he had been killed. north, ing up in the detroit, i lived the dream that dr. king spoke of. i went to integrated schools. i lived in an integrated neighborhood. my friends were both white and black, all through school. it disturbed my mother and it disturbs me that people in the south had problems they could not live the life that i lived. we dined at lunch counters and took public transportation in contrast to what you heard about rosa parks and others. we did on the bus -- it was called the dsr then. and we would ride wherever we wanted to go and sit wherever we

wanted to sit. coming to the march for us meant the travesties that were happening in the staff -- in the south. and not just my mother and i, obviously. 250,000 people felt the same way. those that could get there. there were many who watched from at home that felt the same way and just could not get there. we knew and understood that in america, there is a democracy, there is supposed to be freedom, that there was not freedom in the south. and we had to unite and stand together. as a child, i was 12 years old, 50 years ago, so you can do the math. voice, and i had a knew also that standing there

with all of those people there that day, the it was making a statement. they carried signs. there were a lot of science, and you have seen pictures of people tarrying signs saying justice now and signs from the uaw for jobs. on august 28, end 1963. it was not about putting the sign down, getting in the car and going home. the voices continued. the stands continued. when there were citizens and ins andrations -- -- sit- demonstrations, there were children who made their presence known even if it meant that they might be beaten, even if it meant that they may be arrested. but because they knew that that was not the way life was

supposed to be for them, they had to do it. and because they did it, people were able to go to school, like these two members of the little rock nine in other places in the south. it is an ongoing process. it is not end. you did not talk about it today and what happened with trayvon martin, we can remind ourselves with hoodies on of his fate. but we do not want it to happen to us because we steer where hoodies. i wear them. my grandchildren wear them. we want that kind of thing to stop. so what we have to do now about stand, useis take a your voice, no matter how young you are. you have it. you have a right to exercise it. you exercise it, more importantly, you do it respectively.

is the way we did things in the 1960's. that is what nonviolence meant, even if you were mistreated in the process, as dr. king was, and you have seen evidence of of eitherstory books in reading it or seeing it on tv, he came back they after day until the change came. that is what i would encourage you to do. it may not be easy. back in the 1960's, people were people of faith. they knew it was going to get better. and faith is what gets you day,gh day after day after and you do not give up. you have determination. you have perseverance. just like you do in school, when you meet challenges in your classes. you do not give up. better,et a c, you try

you speak up, you do what you have to do. that is why we have been able to advance to where we have 50 years later from 50 years ago. we still have a long way to go. theas you can tell from four of us sitting here, we have more years behind us and in front of us him and as we look at you, you have more years in front of you and behind you -- than behind you. and we need you to pick up the mantle and do what needs to be done to make it better for those coming behind you as well as for yourselves. [applause] two questions. we have time for one or two questions. any students that want to pose a question to the panel? do not miss your opportunity to glean knowledge from these

people. any students with questions for the panel? any students with questions for the panel? do not miss your opportunity. we will do this oprah style. bring it right here. there you go. >> thank you. did you ever feel like you were scared, like, were you scared when you decided to protest integration? what drove you to keep it going, and who is your motivation to keep going? and even though you could get hurt and all that other dangerous stuff -- >> great question. great question. we sensed if you ain't scared, you do not know what is

going on. the cousin there is something certainly -- because there is something certainly that you should be afraid of and you should be afraid of -- we were in homes that were bombed. a lot of our guys were killed. you had justifiable reasons to be afraid. friends,new that your brothers, and your sisters felt the same way and were going ahead with the same dangers. and so that united -- we faced a common danger. there was no place where it was going to be easy. hard andu swallowed you accepted the challenge before you. it is always going to be there. speak ofongs would

nobody turn me around. but you were afraid. but you overcame your fear and youe you had to, -- because had to, because to not keep going means to stop and not doing anything. and we had decided from the very getting -- the very beginning that we were going to do something about this even it is going to cause some of us our lives. we understood that there was going to be a blood price to be paid, and we would probably have to pay it. >> i would add that you do not start out expecting to die. that is not the motivator that takes you to the effort. historyrealize that the -- our history is one in which a

lot of people paid a deep price for for our liberation. as carlotta said, the thing that tormented our enemies most was that we stayed. they wanted us to quit. they wanted you to back down. they wanted you to go back wherever they thought you ought to go back to. decided the moment you that you were going to stick it out, try to do the best you can sncc or thet is little rock nine, there was the same thread that ran through both of our existences am a that was that we were going to show that we belonged there and you are going to have to get used to a new order, a new climate, a change in the world, and that we wanted to be part of it.

and i think that that has been the thread that has sustained us from the first slaves that got off the boat in 1619 in jamestown to today. and for you young people, it is what we expect you to do your mediocrity,ttle for and not let the crowd determine who and what you are, and be willing to take a stand and stand up for principle. >> let's take another question right there. >>hi. years, do you believe that the dream has come alive into reality? >> great question. , part of theears dream has been realized, but we are not there yet. we are not there yet primarily

because we made great strides with reverend dr. martin luther king as a leader, and leadership is what is needed, but also there needs to be good followers. followerswere good that walked alongside dr. king. we have an excellent president. i am not taking away anything from his leadership. but because we just had a supreme court decision that somewhat reversed the voting rights act that was on the table 50 years ago, for people to have the right to vote, means that that is something on the agenda that needs to be taken care of. so that -- [applause] that -- aething dream that went backwards, and now we have to bring it back. and so while you have instagram

-- and i know you do not use facebook anymore because i do -- [laughter] you have the ability. think about this. 50 years ago we did not have social networking. 200 50,000 people had only telephones and party lines. but they came. converged onople washington because of trayvon martin, because of the supreme aurt decision come up because lot of us really do want healthcare. we want what they call obamacare. we want that. we need that. med,f we tweeted, instagra all those other things that you do to people that you know, your families and said we need to keet on a day, just lile

randolph and reverend martin luther king and john lewis -- all they said is this is what we need to do, and they did it. if you all did that and your parents did that and your families and friends did that, there's the reason why there could not be a million people. what do you think congress would do if they saw a million people in washington? you make a difference. that is how you do it. that is how you do it. that is how you make that dream happen. >> one last question. a group? i love that. >> hi. my question to either one of you guys or all of you guys, you know him some kids including

a lot ofe witnessed discrimination during school. my question is, how do you guys cope in dealing with it on a daily basis? earlier, you said really do need to get to know who you are and what you can accomplish. and get centered, ok? because with that you can do almost anything that you put your mind to. just piggyback on some other things that have been said in regard to that, my home was bombed, ok, while i was at little rock central high school, and i got up the very next morning and went to school because i did not want them to think that they had won, all right? [applause] that evenpiece is

through all the adversity that for the yeargh 1957, 1958, and my year of not being able to go to school 1958 -- 1959 because the government closed the school, i went back in 1959 and graduated in 1960. i needed that the, to validate all the things that i have gone through. i really knew who i was. and i have taken that from there to do whatever i need to do. i do not need a lot of people to validate me in a sense. i need to know within who i am. if you get to know who you are, maybe the world is out there for you. be a part of that global society. [applause] ofwe have one morale applause for carlotta walls lanier.

charles mcdew. edith lee-payne. earnest green. please, please. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] important? to be wonderful. if you want to be recognized. if you want to be great, wonderful. he who is ae that great is among you shall be your servant, and that is the new definition of greatness. this afternoon, the thing that i like about it is that by giving that definition, it means that everybody can be great, because everybody can serve. you do not have to have a

college degree to serve. you do not have to make your own subject and your firm agree to serve. you do not have to know about plato and aristotle to serve. you do not know einstein's theory of relativity to serve. you do not know have to know the secretary of verbal dynamics in physics to serve. you only need a heart full of soul generated by love, and you can be that servant. i just want to talk about a man for a moment. maybe you will discover who i am talking about as i go down the way. he was a great one. he just went about serving. he was born in an obscure village, a child of a poor

peasant woman, and yet he grew up in another obscure village where he worked as a carpenter until he was 30 years old. and then for three years, he just got on his feet and he was an itinerant. sure -- an itinerant preacher. he went about doing things. he did not do much. he never wrote a book. he never held an office. .e never had a family he never owned a house. he never went to college. he never went 200 miles from where he was born. he was only 33 when the tide of public opinion turned against him. they called him a rabble-rouser, they called him a troublemaker. they said that he was an

agitator. he practiced civil disobedience. he broke injunctions. and so he was turned over to his allies, and the irony of it is that it was his friends who turned him over to them. one of his closest friends denied it. another of his friends turned him over to his enemies. and while he was dying, the people who killed him gambled for his clothing, the only position that he had in the world. when he was dead, he was buried in a borrowed tomb through the pity of a friend. 20 centuries have come and gone. today he stands as the most influential figure that has ever entered human history. that evermies marched, all the navies that ever sailed, all the parliaments

that ever sat, all the kings igned put re together could not affect all the lives of men on the earth as long as that one solitary life. his name may be a familiar one, but today i can hear him talking about it. every now and then somebody says he is lord of lords. then i can hear somebody saying he is king of keynes. somewhere i can hear somebody saying in christ there is no lease, no west, and then they go on to say in him there is no north or south, but one great fellowship of love throughout the whole wide world. he did not have anything. he just went about serving and doing good. this afternoon you can be on his right hand or his left hand if you serve.

that is the only way in. and this afternoon, as we celebrate these wonderful continue and we celebrate the journey to greatness. god bless you. >> i want to thank you again for participating in the last two days. before we go, can we have a hand please.e richburg, [applause]

>> words cannot express how we thank all of you for your that everybody conservative for our major wonderful guests. these four people here. to my right and to my left. and we thank the park service, the national park service, represented at the top, her staff, and very much as we conclude, i thank the members of the national alliance of faith and justice who helped to work diligently and helped make it possible for all of the logistics to occur. god bless you all, and we look forward to all of you having safe travel and certainly continuing this journey here and beyond. thank you.

[applause] >> it has been 50 years since the martin -- the march on washington. the nate marvin calvo -- tonight will review the civil rights movement. tonight, congressman john lewis , live tonight at

8:00 eastern on c-span. tomorrow the president attends the ceremony on the steps of the lincoln a more ill -- lincoln memorial. bill clinton and jimmy carter will be there. the sermon is live at 11:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. that's the ceremony is live tomorrow at 11:00 a.m. eastern on c-span. >> we looked at the public and private lives of the women who have served as first ladies. as we move into the modern era, we will feature the first ladies in their own words. >> the building of human rights will be one of the foundation stones on which we would build in the world an atmosphere in which peace could grow. >> i do not think the white tose can't completely belong one person. it belongs to the people of

america. and i think whoever lives in it as first lady should preserve the traditions and enhance it. two features 20 first ladies. like monday night, starting september 9 at 9:00 eastern on c-span. center for strategic and international studies held and event earlier today. i discussed the current relationship with russian president vladimir putin. here is a look. >> i was thinking this morning it could be statements -- a statesman like move on the part of president obama in particular, since it was the united states that cancel the summit meeting, to request a one-on-one bilateral meeting with president putin.

but i think the chances of that happening are less than five percent, slim to none. [no audio] i think there is a high degree of ther on the part obama administration about relations with russia, and i think about mr. obama in particular in his personal regard for mr. putin. and i think that is what that comment, about the personal comment about the fletching kit in the back of the room. it seems with that it is harder to imagine that you can see them pivot and walked back and make a decision.

in fact i'm a we would like to meet with you. maybe the situation in syria, which is extremely grave and that.ous, could justify >>@was part of an event held earlier today. see the entire program later on our schedule or any time at www.c-span.org. security secretary janet napolitano delivered her farewell speech today at the national press club in washington. she is leaving to become the president of the university of california system, which includes ucla and berkeley among several other campuses. this is a half-hour.

>> thank you for shortening us today. as secretary of homeland security, janet napolitano's farewell address. for over four years, she has overseen the third-largest cabinet agency in the federal government with more than 240,000 employees across the country and around the world dedicated to keeping our nation safe, secure, and more resilient. please join me in welcoming secretary janet napolitano. [applause] >> hi. thank you.

good morning. thank you for joining us today and i'd like to thank the national press club for hosting us. i want to thank the men and women of dhs. in my 4 1/2 years as secretary, i have come to know many of these men and women, hear their stories, and see them perform important work of the department every day. getting to know them has been one of the most rewarding parts of being secretary, and any success we have achieved flows directly from their dedication and service. i have also had the chance to engage partners across the homeland security enterprise, governors and mayors, police, firefighters, and first responders and business and faith-based community leaders. all are essential partners in the shared responsibility for homeland security.

i am grateful to have their strong support. the job of securing our nation is a large one. it requires us to enlist the talents and energies of people all across the united states. in that way, all of us are stakeholders in this department's work. all of us share in its ultimate success. together, we have faced many challenges these past 4 1/2 years. to list them all would take more time than we have today. among them was an h1ni flu pandemic that affected every state in our nation, the deepwater horizon oil spill which remains one of the worst environmental disasters in our history, and the threat of drug cartel violence along our southwest border. we also confronted numerous terrorist plots and threats, both international and homegrown, and a set of catastrophic natural disasters that included hurricanes,

floods, fires, and even an earthquake in washington, d.c. during my tenure as secretary, we've managed 325 federally declared disasters and issued more than 60 emergency declarations, in some cases, we provided state of local partners with assistance before the disaster even took place. each of these challenges tested us in new ways. they presented new opportunities for us to learn, grow, and get better at what we do as a department and as a nation. they allowed us to build on the knowledge gained from past events and refine our approach as the threats changed and our own understanding increased. looking back over the past 4 1/2 years, i can say that if there is one take away, one object

lesson in core operating principle that i have learned and embraced as secretary, it's this -- in a world of evolving threats, the key to our success is the ability to be flexible and agile and adapt to changing circumstances on the ground whether that is across the globe or here at home. at dhs, to be flexible and agile means being forward-looking in our preparations, early and active in our engagement, nimble in our response, and resilient in our recovery. it means taking every necessary step to prepare for a range of potential outcomes and understanding that if things don't go according to plan or the unexpected occurs, we are ready and able to shift resources and adjust operations, learn from our mistakes, and put ourselves in a position to succeed in the future. being flexible and agile means acknowledging that we may not be able to stop all threats all the

time, but we can and must be prepared to address them quickly when they happen, minimize the consequences, draw pragmatic lessons and emerge stronger and better. these are the most critical elements of our ability to meet our complex mission. i believe we are seeing that approach bear fruit in a profound positive way. today, i will talk about how we have made the department more flexible, agile, and adaptable and how that has led to a more integrated and effective response to terrorist threats, more prepared and resilient states, cities, and communities, and a more engaged public. i will give you a few examples to illustrate this point. as many of you know, dhs achieved an important milestone this year -- our 10th anniversary. the 9/11 attack served as the impetus for the creation a

decade ago, and while it is not our only mission, and hensing our nation's ability to prevent, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks remains our primary focus. too often, our country is reminded of this ongoing threat. on april 15 of this year, our nation suffered a serious and damaging terrorist attack and the boston marathon. like 9/11, the day began with clear and beautiful weather. like 9/11, by nightfall, we knew that innocent lives would be lost, hundreds more injured, many gravely, and one of our great american cities scarred by the blast of two improvised explosive devices. no two terrorist events are ever the same. tactics, methods, and motivations differ but the pain and loss endured by the victims and their families is singular

and incomparable. the boston marathon attack was a despicable act of violence directed at a symbolic sporting event that each year draws athletes and fans from all over the world. the perpetrators of that bombing, we saw the worst of humanity, cowardice, hatred, violence, and intolerance. but on that day and the days that followed, something else also emerged. the very best of humanity. communities banded together over silent vigils and a determination to be boston strong. one thing i have learned to deal with is the importance of working closely and actively with partners at the state and local level. they bear the immediate brunt of an attack. they are the first on the scene to respond.

they know the needs and capabilities of their communities better than anyone. when i became secretary, we made it a priority that states, cities, and communities have the tools, training, and resources they need in a crisis. we have spent the last several years working toward that goal. across the country, we have supported stronger information sharing through state and local fusion centers where we have deployed dhs personnel and strengthened our analytic capabilities. we have trained law enforcement to recognize trends, tactics, behaviors, and other indicators of potential terrorist activities. we have provided federal knowledge regarding terrorism and other threats so it can be incorporated into state and local community-based efforts to prevent violence whether it is the result of violent criminals, extremists, or active shooters. we have improved the ability of local communities to respond to critical incidents including in the city of boston and the

commonwealth of massachusetts. for example, we provide homeland security grants to equip and train special response teams in improvised explosive device detection, prevention, response, and recovery. over the years, dhs has supported more than a dozen exercises in boston, including a large mass casualty event involving hundreds of responders just last november. we supported the creation of the medical intelligence center, the only one of its kind in america, to enable information sharing across the boston medical community. the reaction after the attack was not accidental. it was the product of years of training and investment in the building of state and local capacity and the quick, orderly,

focused, and comprehensive response by law enforcement, first responders, and the larger boston community on that day saved lives. immediate control over the scene by law enforcement and assistance from first responders and medical personnel helped triage. to care for the fallen and injured, a scenario they have practiced to ensure no one facility would be overwhelmed. citizens stepped up and played a critical role, it hearing for the wounded, donating blood, and submitting videos that helped identify the suspects -- a powerful reminder of the role the public plays in providing aid but also providing useful information. the reason why after i became secretary, i called for the creation and then expansion of the department's if you see something say something

campaign, expanding it to more than 250 cities nationwide to encourage the public to play an active role in reporting suspicious activity. without the selfless service of so many heroic individuals and first responders, the toll from the boston attack could have been far greater. this terrible tragedy could have been far worse. for me, the lesson is clear -- for every attack we experience, every threat we face, and every decent intelligence we come across, we learn. we assess our preparations and capabilities. we make changes. we become more flexible in the actions we take and we get stronger and more nimble. the boston attack was not the only terrorist plot we confronted over the past 4 1/2 years. we dealt with the attempted christmas day coming aboard an airliner down for detroit. the 2010 air cargo threat as well as other plots that were effectively mitigated.

some were international in scope and origin like the christmas day plot, which involved a nigerian citizen who purchased his ticket in ghana, flew from lagos to amsterdam and attended to ignite a bomb en route to america. from that attempted attack, we learned that relevant information possessed by u.s. customs and border protection needed to be available overseas at the last point of departure for the united states. we fixed that. we learned that our adversaries were moving to nonmetallic devices. we adapted our screening technology and tactics to counter that. and we learned that a single vulnerability in any part of the aviation system can make everyone connected to it vulnerable. since we don't control security at foreign airports, we have to work even more closely with international partners to raise the overall security of the system. we did that. shortly after the christmas day plot, i launched a worldwide

initiative to make these needed changes in close collaboration with our strongest allies. i am proud to say that by october of 2010, this effort led to 190 countries signing onto an historic agreement to improve aviation security, standards, and technology and information sharing. i have had the chance to visit many of those countries over the past 4 1/2 years. 40 in all across six continents, however, our work did not end there. following the 2010 air cargo threat which involved bombs hidden inside printer cartridges departing on international planes to the united states, we launched a second initiative to work with international partners and the private sector to ensure air cargo coming to the u.s. was effectively screened. we faced a threat, we responded, and we addressed the weaknesses